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In recent times, the use of mobile banking has expanded significantly in Tanzania, but its impact on Savings and Credit Cooperative Society (SACCOS) purposes are still uncertain. This study examined mobile banking's effects on Tanzania's SACCOS, using a quantitative research approach. Purposive sampling was employed to select three SACCOS offering electronic banking services in Dar es Salaam and Kilimanjaro regions, with a total sample size of 64 employees and supplemented them with secondary data from 2020 to 2024 from SACCOS reports and financial statements. Statistical analysis was used to describe mobile banking usage and regression analysis was performed to evaluate the correlation between mobile banking usage and return on assets (ROA). The results showed a favourable correlation between mobile banking and performance (ROA), mobile banking was favorably viewed for improving accessibility and efficiency. Mobile banking positively affects SACCOS in Tanzania by offering and enhancing new ways of addressing financial barriers. Emphasizing the need for SACCOS to adopt the evolving technological innovations and other electronic banking features. Despite the existing challenges, SACCOS continually strive to minimize such challenges. The study recommends that SACCOS should set up robust customer support systems to address technical and security issues, streamlined regulatory compliance and mitigate the challenges associated with the adoption of mobile banking. This conclusion emphasizes the dual need for technological advancement and organizational support to fully leverage mobile banking as a tool for financial growth and inclusion in cooperative societies.

This study assessed users' skill in operating the electronic records management system, specifically concerning the Workers Compensation Fund (WCF). The study specifically examined the training for the electronic records management system, encompassing the types of training offered, their frequency, and the relevance and effectiveness of the training delivered. The study population consisted of all employees at WCF. The study deployed a descriptive research design in conjunction with qualitative and quantitative methodologies. The sample size consisted of 115 respondents. Data were gathered by questionnaires, interviews, and observational methods. Additionally, qualitative data were quantitatively evaluated using IBM-SPSS version 20, along with Microsoft Word and Excel, to ascertain the frequency and percentage of respondents' replies in relation to the study findings. Findings indicated that WCF offers operational training for ERMS, while security and technical training for ERMS staff is conducted annually to enhance employees' abilities and expertise in administering ERMS.  The study indicates that the management of WCF should continue to empower the ICT team to provide comprehensive in-house support. Additionally, negotiate with EGA for a dedicated desk to address their technical difficulties.

This paper examines the effect of audit committee effectiveness on the corporate governance practices of regulatory authorities in Tanzania. Data was collected from 18 regulatory authorities, using a random sample of 241 respondents out of 362 eligible participants consisting of board members, management, accountants, and auditors. A structured survey questionnaire with a 5-Likert scale was used. Data analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS software, with a structural equation modeling technique consisting of confirmatory factor analysis to analyze the relationships between independent and dependent variables. The validity and reliability of the survey instrument and collected data were tested and found to be within acceptable limits. The study found that audit committee effectiveness is positively associated with the corporate governance practices of regulatory authorities in Tanzania, with the audit committee advisory role significantly contributing to the audit committee characteristics. The study recommends establishing robust policies on corporate governance practices, particularly establishing the National Corporate Governance Codes to enhance the audit committee's governance role. The Government, policymakers, scholars, boards, audit committees, and other stakeholders may use these results to enhance the practical roles of audit committees. The practical implication of the study includes the urgent need for Tanzania to establish the National Corporate Governance Codes, building capacity for audit committee members, enhancing collaboration between internal auditors and external auditors, and strengthening corporate governance oversight mechanisms. This research is the original work of the authors and has not been studied elsewhere.

Writing and publishing scientific and rigorous work needs a high level of integrity and adherence to ethical guidelines. Several publications have been rejected by authentic journals as a result of not adhering to a deontological standpoint. This laxity has posed deadly repercussions to the beholder including ruining its institutional image in academic scholarship. Notwithstanding, numerous writers are acquainted with the consequences of not observing ethical standards in research and publication, yet in trying to put up their pieces of work get caught in the same quandary. Anchored on a thematically oriented review of literature, it was imperative to try to explain the key ethical misconduct bases in research and publication. To fulfil this quest many journal articles were analysed. It was found that numerous aspects form the basis for misconduct in research and publication including; the pressure to ‘publish or perish’, the limitation of mentorship and guidance programs, knowledge on research and publication, promotion and academic advancement, competition among colleagues, workload pressure, financial motives, pressure from individual morality, and the challenge of research culture. Consequently, it is imperative to note that to publish a scholarly piece of work, adhering to ethical standards is non-negotiable.

This article aims to assess the direct and indirect influence of suppliers' and buyers' behavioral intention on the performance of public procurement in Tanzania. This is accomplished by analyzing their utilization of the e-procurement system, using an adapted rendition of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. The study used an explanatory cross-sectional survey research design and implemented a stratified sampling method to choose a sample of 312 participants, comprising of both customers and providers. The data collecting process included administering a questionnaire consisting of closed-ended questions and conducting a thorough examination of pertinent documents. The gathered data was then examined using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling, with the aid of SmartPLS 4 software. The findings indicate that behavioral intention has a favorable, direct, and indirect impact on the performance of public procurement. The research suggests that the effectiveness of public procurement is indirectly impacted by the behavioral inclination of both buyers and suppliers to use the e-procurement system. Moreover, the efficiency of the e-procurement system is significantly impacted by the use patterns of both purchasers and vendors. Therefore, it is recommended that developing countries, such as Tanzania, should take into account the behavioral intention and usage behavior of both buyers and suppliers before, during, and after the adoption of an e-procurement system.  

The principal objective of this paper is to explore the effect of minimum wage order as a form of regulatory mechanism for the private security industry in Tanzania. More precisely, it attempts to assess how minimum wage impact on the pricing of services to their consumers. It explores the background, comparative analysis of minimum wages, the current legal framework and interpretation of related legislation to support implementation and assesses compliance. The study that culminated in the paper was qualitative in nature, being based on the case study of the selected private security companies in Tanzania. For this end, this paper used observation, expert opinions, interviews and documentary review for getting both primary and secondary data. The findings of the study revealed that whereas the wage order is clear, there are extensive guidelines in the labour laws that require to be read together with it, leading to misinterpretation or deliberate omission due to their impact on the pricing. The set wage results in a selling price that is 4.3 times, even with a modest 10% profit mark-up. Compliance is very low, and enforcement is weak, leading to price undercutting and causes those willing to comply lax and follow non-compliers to survive in the market characterised with price wars. Consumer is conflicted in choosing cheap service providers and enforcing compliance with the minimum wage order for the welfare of guards. The study recommends improving regulatory oversight, more awareness training of PSC directors, simplifying the labour laws to avoid ambiguity, unifying minimum wages, regular audits and educating the consumers of the link between wage and pricing of service. It also recommends strengthening the capacity of trade associations to help in the regulation of their respective members.

This study examined the role of soft skills, technical skills and academic performance on graduate employability. The study was underpinned by the Human Capital Theory. By using a positivist quantitative approach data were collected from one higher education institution in Tanzania. The study used a sample of 217 final year students who filled a standard questionnaire. Data analysis employed descriptive and inferential statistics. The study found that soft skills (r=.644, p<.05), technical skills (r=.593, p<.05) and academic performance (r=.376, p<.05) individually predict perceived graduate employability. As per the findings, students with better soft and technical skills have a higher chance of getting employed. On the other hand, students with higher academic performance as measured by grade point average (GPA) are more employable than those with lower performance. Controlling these three independent variables depends on efforts of various stakeholders. This research calls for collective efforts of educators, policy makers, students, regulatory authorities and other stakeholders to work in ensuring that right and relevant skills are provided in HEIs and there is a supportive environment for students to perform better academically.

This study assessed the impact of improved urban road network on financial performance of Small and Medium Enterprises focusing in Dodoma, Tanzania. The study employed a cross sectional research design where by a sample of 89 SMEs from the selected three wards in Dodoma city was used to draw the conclusion. Qualitative data collected through questionnaires were analyzed using content analysis while quantitative data analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. The key findings from the study include: i) accessible roads to customers toward SME were having positive influence to SMEs performance ii) market accessibility by customers and consumers was the key factor in improving SMEs financial performance in Dodoma city and lastly, an effective time management and improved transportation of goods and services were positive related to the amount of sales revenue generated by SMEs. The conclusion is drawn to improve the urban road networks as among of the key factors in improving the performance of SMEs in Dodoma city by increasing sales and profit. It is therefore recommended that, the government and other stakeholders in the construction sector should continue to improve urban road networks and start offering basic business and financial management skills which would enable SMEs owners to make informed investment decisions as well as enhance their entrepreneurial skills which will facilitate in recognizing and exploiting the available business opportunities.

The study analyzed the impact of non-aeronautical revenues on airport performance at Julius Nyerere International Airport in Dar es salaam, Tanzania. The study used longitudinal design in which time series data from financial statements and integrated reports for the financial years 2017/18 to 2020/21 was undertaken. The Multiple linear regression models were employed in analyzing the contribution of non- aeronautical revenues on improving the airport facilities. Findings of the study demonstrated that, i) rental fees and car parking charges impacted positively the improvement of the airport facilities, ii) advertisement also positive and significantly contributed on the improvement of the airport facilities at Julius Nyerere International Airport. This implies that, JNIA can further increase its total revenues by expanding the scope of retail operations at the airports under its jurisdiction as additional sources of income. It is recommended that airport managements and other stakeholders responsible for airports’ infrastructure and transport to expand more use of NARVs sources so as to improve the service delivery for their passengers and gain more revenues for future financial stability.

Land distribution is a key factor in income inequality in rural areas of developing countries. This study examines the impact of land tenure security on household income and its distribution in Iringa district, Tanzania, focusing on the Certificate of Customary Right of Occupation (CCRO). Using a quasi-experimental design and Propensity Score Matching, 404 respondents were randomly selected and divided into groups with and without CCROs. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected through surveys and in-depth interviews. Analysis using SPSS/STATA revealed that households with CCROs had higher agricultural yields, sales, and lower production costs. They also invested more in modern farming techniques and soil conservation, leading to higher incomes and reduced income inequality. Despite over 50,000 CCROs issued, credit access remains limited due to a lack of awareness and additional collateral requirements. The study concludes that secure land rights are vital for economic growth and poverty alleviation. Recommendations include increasing awareness about CCROs, facilitating their use as collateral, and exploring barriers to credit access for CCRO holders. Further research is needed to address these challenges.

The existing body of literature on e-procurement adoption has not adequately predicted the direct and indirect impact of performance expectancy and effort expectancy on the usage behavior of e-procurement system through the attitude of users. This paper focuses on analyzing the direct and indirect effects of various factors that influence the usage behavior of e-procurement systems in Tanzania. The paper was guided by the Social Information Processing (SIP) theory, the Affect Infusion Model (AIM), and the modified Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). The paper also used a deductive perspective and an explanatory cross-sectional survey research approach. A stratified sampling technique was used to identify 383 respondents (buyers and suppliers) that use the e-procurement system. Data gathering was conducted via the use of a documentary review and questionnaire. Inferential statistical analysis was conducted using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling, with the assistance of SmartPLS 4 software. The results indicate that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and attitude significantly influence positively the usage behavior of the e-procurement system (p value<0.05). The paper finds that the behavior of buyers and suppliers, after the adoption of an e-procurement system, is indirectly impacted by the system's performance expectancy and effort expectancy, via their positive attitudes. The results of this study confirm the usefulness of the proposed research model in directing management decision-making, particularly in determining the importance of investment considerations when implementing or improving an e-procurement system.

The purpose of this study was to assess factors affecting succession planning in family-owned fish trading SMEs businesses in Mwanza city. The research utilized quantitative methodologies to evaluate the effect of individual, familial, and organizational factors on succession planning within family-owned small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Mwanza city. Chi-square analyses revealed that leadership, delegation, the ability to disassociate from the business, and successor preferences significantly influence succession planning. Moreover, the interest and abilities of the successor plays a crucial role in the planning process. The study further found that family-level factors, including traditions, compensating family members, formal communication forums, and the desire to maintain family control, also significantly affect succession planning. Regression analyses indicated that individual factors such as leadership, delegation, and the abilities of potential successors positively influenced succession planning. At the family level, practices like compensating family members and establishing formal communication channels significantly contributed to succession planning, while traditional practices like favouring the eldest son as a successor did not have a substantial impact. Additionally, the study identified that the readiness of the successor, the presence of a clear and documented succession plan, effective board governance, a well-defined organizational structure, and the existence of a written strategic plan were key predictors of successful succession planning. The findings suggest that businesses with well-defined and specific succession plans, identified successors, and active development plans for the next generation are more likely to achieve success in shaping succession planning within family-owned fish trading SMEs, providing a solid foundation for successful ownership transitions. This research offers valuable insights for future research and policy development concerning SME succession planning and business sustainability.

This study aimed to assess the influence of service quality on customer satisfaction within Air Tanzania Company Limited (ATCL) in Dar es Salaam, with a specific focus on the influence of tangible elements, personal services, and airline image. The study adopted a theoretical framework based on the Expectancy Disconfirmation Theory and the AIRQUAL Model for understanding the relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction. To achieve the study’s objectives, a cross-sectional research design was employed, allowing for the collection of data from a diverse sample of ATCL customers. The sample was selected using a combination of simple random sampling and purposive sampling techniques. A total of 302 ATCL customers and 8 supervisors from ATCL participated in the study, providing valuable insights into their perceptions of service quality and its effect on their overall satisfaction. Data collection was primarily conducted through structured questionnaires and face-to-face interviews. The data was analyzed using Binary Logistic Regression in IBM SPSS Statistics 23, allowing for the identification of significant relationships between service quality dimensions and customer satisfaction. The analysis of perceived service quality dimensions showed that customers' perceptions of ATCL’s service quality fell short of their expectations, with negative scores across all dimensions. This suggests a general dissatisfaction among customers with the service quality provided by ATCL. Specifically, the rankings indicated that airline image was the top contributor to dissatisfaction. The overall index score for service quality further supported these findings, registering at -0.3996. The binary logistic regression results indicated significant positive relationships between all three dimensions (tangible elements, personal services, and airline image) and customer satisfaction. To maintain service quality standards, collaboration between policymakers and ATCL management is crucial to establishing guidelines as well as conducting regular audits, allocating enough resources for tangible improvements and investing in employee training for better customer interactions.

The adoption of e-procurement systems in developing countries is progressing slowly due to several challenges and barriers. Likewise, the adoption of e-procurement systems has been extensively studied, with research focusing on direct effects of factors like transparency and compatibility. This research aimed to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of relative advantage and performance expectancy on the adoption of e-procurement systems by combining components from the Technology, Organization, and Environment model with a modified Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. This was accomplished by analyzing the function of attitude as a mediator and the legal framework as a moderator in the suggested study model. This study used a cross-sectional survey research design, together with a stratified sampling technique, to acquire a sample size of 367 respondents. The data were acquired via the distribution of questionnaires and the examination of relevant documents. The collected data underwent descriptive analysis using IBM SPSS statistics version 26, and inferential analysis was performed using PLS-SEM with the assistance of SmartPLS 4 software. The study's results validate a significant statistical moderating impact of the legal framework on the relationship between performance expectancy and attitude towards adoption of e-procurement system. On the other hand, adoption of e-procurement system is impacted by performance expectancy and relative advantage, which have both direct and indirect significances. Attitudes have a direct impact on the adoption of e-procurement system. This study proposes that future research should include respondents from several countries to improve the applicability of the suggested model.

This study determines the challenges faced by Local Government Authorities in the use of e-record keeping for Human Resource Management (HRM). The study was conducted at Morogoro Municipal Council (MMC) as among the Local Government Authorities (LGAs) which continue to use paper-based record keeping in Tanzania. A case study design was employed to ensure an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon. A questionnaire and interviews were used in collecting data from 107 respondents. Data from the questionnaire were analysed descriptively through the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) whereby means and standard deviatons were calculated. On the other hand, data from interviews were analysed through content analysis. The study was guided by two models, which are Kurt Lewin’s Change Management Model, as the guiding model, and ADKAR Change Management Model, as the supporting model. The study revealed lack of reliable internet service, lack of top management support, inadequate IT experts, staff resistance, and inadequate funds as the main challenges facing MMC in the use of electronic record (e-record) keeping for HRM. This implies that, in some cases, the government formulates good policies without ensuring a conducive environment for their implementation. In the light of the revealed challenges, the study recommends that LGAs especially MMC should take initiatives to develop and implement a comprehensive e-governance programme that, among other things, will address the revealed challenges. In addition, the government should creation environments that support implementation of its policies particularly those related to ICT and e-governance.