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A collage of environmental challenges in South Africa have stimulated the growing interest for greener practices. Notwithstanding the generic antecedents of green practices in the existing literature, little is known if water and energy consumption matter to investors who are going green. Thus, we seek to investigate if water and energy consumption influences investors’ green practices in South Africa. We adopt a positivist stance and employ a quantitative research approach to achieve the set objective. We draw archival data from companies that constitute the FTSE/JSE Responsible Investment Index given their environmental impact. We generate a short panel data set of 19 FTSE/JSE RII companies with a six-year period resulting in 114 observations to statistically conduct the analysis. Given stationarity of all endogenous variables at I(1), we adopt first differenced econometric models namely Panel Vector Autoregression Model (PVAR) for Random Effects Generalized Least Squares (GLS) regression and Random Effects Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE) to generate more robust results generalisable to the entire population. We find a statistically significant negative effect of water and energy consumption on investor share ownership. Thus, we posit that corporate water and energy consumption may not be the primary antecedents of investors’ sustainability practices in South Africa. This paper agitates for future research studies to pursue the same enquiry using sustainability variables other than water and energy consumption.

Green bonds are typically used for environmental protection projects. This paper explores the differences between general bonds and green bonds in Taiwan, as well as the impact of inflation. The findings are as follows: First, because green bonds support environmentally sustainable development projects, which require a longer time to realize their environmental benefits, they require longer repayment periods. Second, most green bonds have lower coupon rates than general bonds, indicating that investors are willing to accept lower interest income for the sake of environmental sustainability. Third, because green bonds invest in environmental protection projects with lower returns, investors also demand higher risk premiums due to relatively higher recovery risks. Finally, after inflation occurs, the increase in green bond coupon rates is less than that of general bonds. Inflation may have different effects on the dividend yields of individual companies, but there is no significant difference for the overall industry.

This study analyzes the effect of sustainable investment awareness and risk perception on students' interest in green finance instruments, with financial literacy as a mediating variable. A quantitative approach was used, involving 180 student respondents in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, who were selected through a purposive sampling technique using an online questionnaire via Google Forms. Data analysis was conducted using the SEM-PLS method through SmartPLS version 4.1.1.2. The results showed that sustainable investment awareness, risk perception, and financial literacy positively and significantly affect student investment interest in green finance. In addition, financial literacy acts as a significant mediator in the relationship between sustainable investment awareness and risk perception on interest in investing in green finance. This study contributes to developing literature on sustainable investment behavior among the younger generation, especially university students, by integrating financial literacy variables as a mediating mechanism. The findings expand the understanding of how psychological factors and financial knowledge influence investment decisions in sustainability.  

Bangladesh is an extremely adverse affected country over the world related to environment and ecology due to global warming so that Bangladesh economy experienced many serious problems for global warming. The study is planned by addressing this burning issue and identifying gaps in knowledge after reviewing related literature. The aim of this dissertation is to look into sustainable banking practice, i.e., green banking practice by selected banks. To achieve the aim of the thesis, it is focused on major impact of selected green banking practice on banks profitability and also showed the problems, prospect, suggestion & recommendations for selected banks & stakeholders. In this study, the secondary data are collected from annuals reports during 2011-18 of selected commercial banks. The statistical techniques are used, i.e., descriptive statistics, graphic presentations, ANOVA, linear regression and regression for panel data in Gretl, etc. After analyzing the data, the results of this study inform us of empirical understanding that is there are a poor impact on profitability, i.e., ROA, ROE, and ROI by independent variables i.e., GFI, CRF, OB, GT and GAC of the selected SCBs & PCBs over the study period, because the variation of ROA is only 24% and Variation of ROI is only 39% by independent variables, at the same time ROE has low negative correlations with independent variables because Rho is ?0.235. The comparative position of PCBs is better than SCBs, but both selected SCBs and PCBs' performance are found below satisfactory in most of the aspects of the study during 2011-18. 

As extreme weather events continue to impact every continent and the world moves towards establishing a lower-carbon economy, the banking industry is expected to incorporate climate risk into their risk management practices. Climate change poses significant risks to bank loan portfolios through increased physical and transition risks. This study systematically analysed the literature to identify effective strategies for managing these risks. Our findings reveal that climate-related events can lead to substantial loan defaults and credit losses. To mitigate these impacts, banks can integrate climate risk into their risk management frameworks, adopt sustainable lending practices, and diversify their portfolios. Some banks have already implemented measures to mitigate climate risk through insurance policies, while others are incorporating sustainability criteria into their lending practices, such as financing green projects. By proactively addressing climate risks, banks can protect their portfolios, enhance financial resilience and contribute to a low-carbon economy.

This research aims to analyze the impact of green credit distribution by banks on bank performance and identify factors that can influence green credit. The study utilizes data from 46 banks in Indonesia during the 2018-2022 period, by using the panel data regression method. The findings indicate (i) that green credit does not have a significant influence on credit risk, as measured by the NPL (Non-performing Loan). The distribution of more green credit allocations does not result in a decrease in bank credit risk. Additionally, sustainable business borrowers do not exhibit better debt repayment performance compared to the non-sustainable business category. (ii) In terms of bank profitability, green credit does not impact ROE (Return on Equity) and NIM (Net Interest Margin), but it does have a negative effect on ROA (Return on Assets). Banks that allocate a significant portion of their credit distribution to green initiatives tend to experience a decline in their profits. (iii) Bank size has a positive impact on the allocation of green credit, with larger banks dedicating a greater portion to the distribution of green credit. Larger banks possess more capital and extensive networks, making them better equipped to address potential risks compared to smaller banks. (iv) Meanwhile, government ownership and good corporate governance in banks do not influence the proportion of green credit distribution. The author recommends that the government make corrections to existing green financing programs, to cultivate a green credit ecosystem in Indonesia. One concrete step that can be taken is to support government-owned banks in becoming pioneers in the distribution of green credit in Indonesia.

The Paris Agreement has highlighted the worldwide significance of adaptation. Many investors are considering the effects of climate change and resource scarcity when making decisions. Even while the whole amount of the environmental harm caused by climate change is yet unknown, recent scientific evidence is more frightening, and many governments are taking substantial measures to avert a calamity. The financial innovations and mechanisms created to ease the transition to a low-carbon economy will have far-reaching effects on markets, firms, intermediaries, and investors. Although economists have been working on the subject for decades, financial-economics professionals have only recently become interested in climate change. There has been a growing body of empirical and theoretical contributions in recent years that analyse the influence of climate risks on investment decisions for firms, financial intermediaries, and national governments, as well as the pricing and hedging of climate change risks. This study seeks to establish the role of multilateral climate change financing in the developing world vis-à-vis challenges and opportunities for Africa. Five determinants of the multilateral climate fund were established and they are namely; Reduction of Greenhouse gas emissions, Enabling Environments, Poverty and development linkages, Private investment and Public climate finance.

This study aims to examine Blue Bonds as a guarantee issued by the issuer (government and companies) as alternative financing. Compared to ordinary bonds that are issued only to meet the issuer's funding needs, the transaction results in Blue Bonds will be used to support marine protection, fisheries governance, waste and water pollution management, and the restoration of marine ecosystems. In this study, the author uses the method literature review sourced from journals, books, reports from related ministries, international financial institutions such as the World Bank, and news from national and international media. The results of this study indicate that by issuing Blue Bonds, the government and companies will get more funds from bond investors. Investors will receive a return in the form of a coupon (fixed interest rate) from the issuer and pay according to schedule and the initial principal investment. Not only that, the government and companies will get a good reputation among investors and actively contribute to Indonesia's maritime development.

This research paper intends to evaluate an idea about bankers’ perceptions on green banking by getting a candid opinion from conventional banks’ bankers in Bangladesh based on a quality survey questionnaire covers relevant areas like benefits of green banking, superior officials who serve green banking services, taken eco-friendly initiatives, getting support from proper authorities, safeguarding environment pollution and rewards for adopting green banking. Considering the highest mean score of items in each group, this paper insights about green banking is environment-friendly banking, managers and officers are resourceful, emphasizes on recycling of left-over materials, keeping the environment pollution free, and performs to reduce resource wastages. This paper also finds that support from the government should be getting heightened priority to enhance its performance and area. So it can be easily presumed that green banking already put a great impact on a great portion of the banking industry in Bangladesh so far.