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This study explores the nexus between population growth and unemployment in South Africa from 2000 to 2023, a period marked by significant demographic changes and economic challenges. South Africa has experienced rising unemployment alongside rapid population growth, which has led to concerns about the country’s ability to absorb its expanding labour force. The aim of this research is to examine how population growth influences unemployment, considering additional factors like foreign direct investment (FDI), gross domestic product (GDP), and inflation. Using time series data from the World Bank, Statistics South Africa, and the South African Reserve Bank, the study employs the Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test for stationarity, Johansen cointegration for long-term relationships, and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression to estimate the impact of population growth on unemployment. Key findings indicate that population growth has a positive and statistically significant relationship with unemployment, meaning higher population growth increases unemployment levels. Foreign direct investment also shows a positive effect on unemployment, while GDP and inflation exhibit negative but statistically insignificant relationships. Based on these findings, the study recommends strategic urban planning, family planning initiatives, and targeted policies to attract labour-intensive FDI. Additionally, the government should focus on economic diversification, supporting SMEs, and investing in skill development to create sustainable jobs. This research contributes to understanding the dynamics between population growth and unemployment in South Africa and offers insights for more effective policy interventions.

The rapid advancement of technology has changed the world's civilization rapidly and provided many benefits to humans in various activities. Every individual, from children to adults will adapt to technology because daily life is very interchangeable to the use of technology, especially the internet to access social media, watch movies to find the latest news that spreads quickly. This study aims to identify the influence of Empathy, Self-Control and Parenting Style on adolescent Cyberbullying Behavior on Instagram social media. This study uses a quantitative method with a sampling technique, namely purposive sampling involving as many as 104 adolescent Instagram users as respondents. The instrument in this study is in the form of a questionnaire that is distributed through Google Form. The data of this study was tested using SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solutions) software. The results of this study show that Empathy has a positive and significant influence on Cyberbullying behavior.Self-Control has a negative but not significant influence on Cyberbullying behavior. Parenting has a positive but also insignificant influence on Cyberbullying behavior. The results of this study indicate that the empathy factor is more dominant in influencing adolescent cyberbullying behavior when compared to self-control and parenting style.

This study investigates the impact of digital transformation leadership and customer agility on the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Riau Islands, Indonesia. SMEs are pivotal to economic growth, yet they often face challenges in adapting to rapidly changing market conditions. Employing a sustainable development theory framework, the research explores how effective leadership in digital transformation and an agile approach to customer engagement can drive better performance outcomes. Findings reveal that while customer agility does not significantly correlate with SME performance, strong digital transformation leadership and well-implemented digital strategies initiatives are play crucial roles in enhancing operational effectiveness and performance. Study result highlights the necessity for SMEs to focus on cultivating innovative leadership that embraces digitization and developing strategies that respond swiftly to evolving customer needs. This research underscores the importance of integrating digital practices as a core component of sustainability efforts within SMEs. Ultimately, embracing effective digital transformation leadership is essential for SMEs seeking to thrive in increasingly competitive environments. The study recommends that future research should examine additional factors that may influence the performance of SMEs, providing a broader understanding of the dynamics at work in this critical sector.

This research analyses how a service firm develops an ecosystem and serves as the orchestrator. A unique coffee shop in a mountainous area was used as the subject because it has abundant resources to become an orchestrator and various distinctive traits. A single case study design was selected to enable researchers to analyse depth and rich data, covering all participants within the ecosystem. Using a holistic case study design enables investigators to explore complex interplays of ecosystem participants. This study demonstrates that a firm uses elements of dynamic capabilities to manage the evolving process of ecosystem dynamics, starting from the initial formation of the ecosystem to the maturity stage. Our analysis identifies what derivative capabilities can be created from each element of dynamic capabilities and how these derivative capabilities are employed for developing and managing partners involved in the ecosystem. This study establishes a contribution by examining a coffee shop, representing a small service firm, and its evolution into an ecosystem orchestrator role - an under-explored setting in prevailing orchestration literature concentrated on large platform corporations. Single case studies are often criticized because their generalizability is thin and their findings are narrow. However, this weakness has led to the advantage of presenting insights in detail and depth.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the Constitutional Court Decision Number 168/PUU-XXI/2023 concerning Law Number 6 of 2023 and its impact on national investment growth in Indonesia. This Constitutional Court Decision was stipulated on October 31, 2024, in response to the request for a material review of Law Number 6 of 2023 concerning the Stipulation of Government Regulation instead of Law Number 2 of 2022 concerning Job Creation into a Law related to changes to provisions originally regulated in Law Number 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower and the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. This research methodology uses a doctrinal legal research approach that focuses on the law and involves analyzing legal rules found in primary sources. This document uses data from scientific contributions published in academic research databases. The findings of this study are that labor laws are expected to reflect the national legal commitment to maintaining harmony between industry needs and worker protection so that the benefits can be felt by all parties involved in employment relations in Indonesia. Thus, this Constitutional Court decision is expected to create fairer labor standards in the form of creating an employment ecosystem in Indonesia. This scientific contribution concludes that labor laws and regulations are expected to be able to increase national investment growth in Indonesia. This study is of interest to various stakeholders, legislators, companies, academics, and others to encourage national economic growth in general, and national investment growth in particular after the Constitutional Court Decision Number 168/PUU-XXI/2023.

The arrival of foreign nationals in Indonesia for various purposes, including state visits, tourism, business, and education, has become common. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing the application process for study permits for foreign nationals and map the ecosystem of this process, particularly for those studying at Indonesian universities. The research follows a five-step method to analyze the digital business ecosystem: 1) defining the ecosystem boundaries; 2) identifying actors and their roles; 3) outlining value propositions; 4) exploring actor interactions; and 5) verifying the ecosystem design. Using qualitative methods like interviews and literature review, the study finds that Indonesia's foreign student licensing ecosystem involves multiple actors and complex procedures, leading to delays and confusion. The lack of integration between agencies makes the process inefficient. The study suggests digital integration to enhance speed, transparency, and coordination, aiding the internationalization of higher education in Indonesia.