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Maize and Beans are the most grown crops in Lesotho as they are important sources of starch and protein respectively. Agricultural marketing in Lesotho is evolving especially due to the government policy of commercialisation of agriculture which promotes increased productivity and production levels. Most farmers produce for subsistence purposes due to small landholding however, there is emphasis on commercial production which requires marketing skills to be successful. This study investigates the marketing channels utilised by maize and bean farmers comparing CA adopters and non-adopters. Six market channels were investigated in this study and these included  Cooperatives, Collectors, Wholesalers, Retailers, Street vendors and Consumers. The study utilized data collected during a baseline survey for the Agricultural Productivity Programme for Southern Africa (APPSA) Lesotho in 2022 for a Conservation Agriculture project. The survey covered seven districts in Lesotho that included Lesotho Quthing, Mohale’s Hoek, Mafeteng, Leribe, Maseru. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 807 respondents in sampled villages in the seven districts. The data was analysed using the Multivariate Probit Model. The MVP used only four marketing channels;Collectors, Retailer, Street vendors Consumers to determine factors that influence participation in the marketing channels. The study results indicate  that the associated factors for each market channel were as follows: contractual agreement ( Consumer, Retail and Collector), gender (Retailers), household income(Street Vendors) and vehicle ownership (Retail and Consumers). The study recommends for enhancement of access to market information for farmers as it is critical in choosing market channels. Contract farming should be encouraged since facilitates farmers access and use of the collectors and retailers marketing channels.

The poultry industry is the fasted growing sub-sector of agriculture in the developing world and this is attributed to several pulling and pushing factors. On the demand side, the issue of urbanisation, income increase and animal protein requirements particularly for chicken has a positive influence on the growth of poultry production. Poultry farming is highly practised in rural households in Lesotho, and it constitutes an important contribution to the development of the rural economy in most developing countries. The poultry industry remains an important sub-sector of agriculture like in many other developing countries and it remains the main source of livelihood for village people and other small-scale farmers in the economy. Many rural communities are keeping poultry as a source of meat and eggs to feed their families, raise income from the surplus and create employment opportunities. However, access to formals markets remains a critical challenge for the farmers. This study examined the socio-economic, market and institutional factors that influenced broiler farmers’ market participation and intensity of participation in the Leribe district in Lesotho. A two-stage sampling technique was employed to select 114 respondents from five villages and the survey data was collected through a structured questionnaire. Heckman's two-stage model was used to analyse factors influencing farmers' market participation and the intensity of market participation. Gender, farmer income, storage access, production experience, extension service, credit access and information access were significant and influenced farmers’ market participation decisions. The study recommends interventions that will increase access and formal market participation.