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Universal banks are important economic drivers in the Philippines since they provide the financial backbone for businesses and investments. Universal banks comprise 90% of the country’s banking system resources. Eleven [11] of the twenty-one [21] universal banks in the country are listed in the Philippine Stock Exchange, and these banks are the top universal banks based on capitalization. Price to Earnings Ratio [PER] is a commonly utilized investment assessment tool and this ratio indicates how much investors are willing to pay for a stock and is calculated as the ratio of the stock price over earnings per share. Since the stock price is dictated by the stock market, this paper seeks to determine if the P/E ratio of universal banks in the Philippines is correlated to its stock returns, the implication of which is how to form an appropriate balance between stock price volatility and banks’ valuation. The paper uses panel data of the 11 listed universal banks from 2010 to 2018, using Pearson Correlation. The study resulted in a generally weak correlation, however, there were banks that exhibited strong, positive, significant correlation.

Price-Earning Ratio or P/E Multiple is a widely used, straightforward investment assessment tool in developed countries. However, the method has not been utilized as much in stock market performance analysis in developing countries such as the Philippines. Using the top ten universal banks in the country, this paper utilized Price-Earnings Ratio [PER] as valuation tool and dependent variable, and sought to determine its value drivers. Used as independent variables are macroeconomic variables gross domestic product [GDP] growth rate, inflation rate, annual interest rate; stock market index Philippine Stock Exchange [PSEi]; and firm-specific variables return on equity [ROE], growth rate of ROE, growth rate of earnings per share, dividend payout ratio [DPO, growth rate of income, and price-book value [PBV] ratio. Results showed that among the independent variables, ROE, PBV ratio, and PSE index are statistically significant. The model’s (R2) is 63.7%, which is a fairly good fit.
  

This paper examines vast literature covering bank valuation practices, frameworks, and various factors that impact bank valuation. Researches on bank valuation covering the last 10 [ten] years were made, and there appear to have a certain level of conservatism on how to measure value of banks. This could be due to the recent global financial crisis, and what is common among the studies was, discourage banks from taking on additional risks. Different factors impact bank valuation and it depends on country and economic circumstances, including banking regulations and internal governance. Various bank valuation frameworks were also added from extensive researches gathered. The literature review also identified nine [9] variables that impact bank valuation, seven [7] of which are bank-specific attributes, one [1] is regulation related, and one [1] is macroeconomic. Future researches may use these variables and validate significance using statistical methods.