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The self-employment issue has attracted the attention of both researchers in the field of economies of labor and policymakers. This paper investigates the main determinants of being self-employed in Saudi Arabia including age, gender, qualification, earning, and non-financial benefits cited by the self-employed workers in the Saudi labor market. However, very limited previous research has discussed the subject of self-employment determinants altogether. The analysis uses the "household survey" Labor Force Direct Survey LFDS for Saudi Labor Market to investigate individuals’ determinants for being self-employed and to have a better explanation of self-employed jobs and their determinants. Estimates are presented on a sample of 1100 participants who became self-employed by 2017. The data provide detailed information on self-employment that allows analyzing the complete set of determinants that controlled self-employment. The descriptive statistics show that the self-employed tend to be young males aged between 20-35 years, with a preference of working in the telecommunication sector, with a high school certificate, and with a monthly earning target between 7001-10000 SR. Findings show that the most cited reason for the male at 90% was a preference for being one’s own boss. For females, the most cited motivating factor about 89% was ‘the opportunity to raise more money.    

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of overeducation on several job attitudes and outcomes. The study is based on cross-sectional survey data from 398 Saudis in the labor market. Drawing upon a person-job fit theory, two different self-assessments—direct self-assessment and indirect self-assessment—are used to examine how overeducation influences job satisfaction, organizational commitment, turnover intentions, and job performance. The results of the hierarchical regressions suggest that overeducation across the two measures is significantly negatively related to job satisfaction and organizational commitment, while significantly positively related to turnover intentions, even after controlling for different confounding variables. However, no significant impact was found for job performance. Furthermore, despite the slight differences in terms of the magnitudes of their effects, the two self-assessment measures of overeducation largely overlap and yield similar conclusions. These findings confirm that except for job performance, overeducation—as a form of person–job misfit—is an important predictor of job attitudes and outcomes. The current study extends the existing literature by providing comparative empirical evidence on the impact of overeducation in Saudi Arabia

Marketing and strategy research has given a lot of importance to the study of product and service quality improvement. This has been widely studied in the literature as an appropriate competitive strategy to ensure customer satisfaction in the marketplace and gain a sustainable competitive advantage. In this paper, first, we have opted for an extensive review of marketing literature, quality of service and consumer satisfaction. Next, we propose to determine the factors that may affect customer satisfaction in the telecommunications industry in Tunisia. Indeed, each organization chooses to succeed in its strategy of satisfying its customers and to prevent the risk of losing them. Our empirical results indicate that most customers are satisfied with the quality of service provided to them, and most customers believe that Tunisie Telecom's service quality is above their expectations. Quality of reception at the counters of Tunisie Telecom's agencies is the key element for the success of the quality improvement project and is the major factor that can strongly influence client satisfaction and behavior.