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In today’s business world, where technology and competition are intensely experienced, one of the most essential factors for organizational success is the establishment of healthy and harmonious relationships between managers and employees. In this context, paternalistic leadership refers to managers approaching their employees with the same care and protection that a father shows to his children, while employees willingly embrace this attitude. Such an approach can have significant effects on employees’ performance, commitment, job satisfaction, work engagement, and overall happiness. The primary purpose of this study is to examine the mediating role of employee happiness in the effect of paternalistic leadership on employees’ work engagement. The research population consists of all employees (N=1120) of Bortar Group Catering operating in ?zmir, while the sample comprises 428 participants who voluntarily completed the survey. The data were analyzed using the SPSS 23 statistical software. The findings aim to reveal how paternalistic leadership influences employees’ work engagement and whether happiness serves as a mediating factor in this relationship.

This paper examines the impact of selected variables on the value creation of tourism enterprises in Western Austria (Salzburg, Tyrol, and Vorarlberg) with the objective of developing an insolvency prediction model for Alpine tourism businesses. This study specifically highlights practical applications for business owners, policymakers, and financial institutions, providing strategies to mitigate bankruptcy risks in the tourism sector. The objective of this study is to address existing gaps in the literature regarding the early detection of insolvency in the tourism sector, particularly in German-speaking regions. To this end, a hybrid analytical method is employed, combining quantitative statistical approaches with sector-specific contextual analysis. A dataset comprising tourism firms was divided into two groups, namely solvent and insolvent, with a view to identifying significant explanatory variables influencing insolvency risks. The primary findings indicate that enterprise size, company age, and debt levels (as indicated by the equity ratio) are significant risk factors for insolvency. Furthermore, the results suggest that small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are particularly vulnerable to financial crises. Finally, the findings demonstrate that macroeconomic structures and sectoral effects significantly impact insolvency probabilities. These findings emphasise the necessity for the development of early warning systems that are tailored to the specific requirements of SMEs in Alpine tourism.This research is particularly pertinent in light of the rising insolvency rates in the tourism industry and the lack of comprehensive official statistics, which impede effective crisis management. By addressing these challenges, the study contributes to the development of targeted risk management and intervention strategies to enhance the resilience of tourism enterprises in the region.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a rapidly developing technological development that helps individuals in many areas. However, this progress is met with different reactions from individuals. The paper aims to investigate the associations among the concepts of spiritual intelligence, intolerance of uncertainty and AI anxiety. Furthermore, mediating role of intolerance of uncertainty on the relationship between spiritual intelligence and AI anxiety is another aim to examine in this study. In order to measure the mentioned variables, data was collected from 382 white-collar employees using survey method. We conducted explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses to control validity, and Crombach Alpha values to control reliability of the scales. Findings represented that each scale was valid and reliable. After that measurement model and structural equation modelling was conducted for model testing. The results represented the significant relationship between spiritual intelligence and intolerance of uncertainty, between uncertainty tolerance and AI anxiety (also its dimensions). In addition, findings showed that intolerance of uncertainty fully mediates the relationship between spiritual intelligence and learning of AI anxiety, also between job replacement of AI anxiety. Furthermore, results presented that intolerance of uncertainty partially mediates the relationship between spiritual intelligence and sociotechnical blindness and configuration of AI anxiety.

Industry 4.0 technologies have optimized efficiency and effectiveness through the manufacture of sophisticated products and services, which result in enhancement of operations, improvement in safety, time, and cost-saving, and have revolutionized operations in almost all industries and have tremendously transformed the aviation sector. This study aims to examine the passenger travel experience with the implementation of e-services before, during, and after trips, from ticket bookings, self-check-in, smart boarding, in-flight services to baggage tracking after flight. Furthermore, the study seeks to identify the modern technologies with which air passengers are familiar or actively use, and to analyze the factors that influence their acceptance of these e-services.  A research model was developed based on the extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) and modified to suit the objectives of this study. The study objectives were achieved through a survey, a self-administered online questionnaire from 253 air passengers was obtained, and data was analyzed using SPSS 25 software. The results reveal that performance expectancy, price-value, hedonic motivations, perceived benefits and habit have a positive significant influence on behavioral intention, while social influence, perceived challenges, facilitating conditions and effort expectancy were not supported. The results of the study give insights into how different passengers, different age groups, different geographical locations, and different technological maturity perceive such implementations. This will provide policymakers ideas on how to better manage and enhance e-services.