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The arrival of foreign nationals in Indonesia for various purposes, including state visits, tourism, business, and education, has become common. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing the application process for study permits for foreign nationals and map the ecosystem of this process, particularly for those studying at Indonesian universities. The research follows a five-step method to analyze the digital business ecosystem: 1) defining the ecosystem boundaries; 2) identifying actors and their roles; 3) outlining value propositions; 4) exploring actor interactions; and 5) verifying the ecosystem design. Using qualitative methods like interviews and literature review, the study finds that Indonesia's foreign student licensing ecosystem involves multiple actors and complex procedures, leading to delays and confusion. The lack of integration between agencies makes the process inefficient. The study suggests digital integration to enhance speed, transparency, and coordination, aiding the internationalization of higher education in Indonesia.

Population growth and changes in consumer demographics over time require fast moving consumer goods or FMCG company that produce consumer goods to keep innovating. Food market was forecasted to continuously increase between 2024 and 2029 by in total 85.1 million U.S Dollars while beauty and personal care segment projected to reach 10.89 billion U.S Dollars revenue by 2028. Product innovations that are carried out have to conform to regulatory provisions while also meet the required efficacy, quality and safety of the product. The process of fulfilling product compliance can be improved by utilizing technology through digital application. Creation of a digital application have to consider the usability aspect of the user. Design thinking is a method that has been widely used to create a product with human-centered approach and prioritizing the user aspect. Digital application created using a design thinking approach will be easy to use and improve the product compliance process so that companies can have competitive edge compared to competitors. This research is qualitative research that uses study case with design thinking approach. The data was collected by interview method and supplemented by observation method. Informant was five employees that involved in fulfillment of product compliance. Design thinking in this research includes 5 phases, namely empathize, define, ideation, prototype, test. These phases help map problems and formulate ideas to be made into functions or features. Based on the results of the analysis and exploration of ideas, a medium fidelity prototype application was produced which has 4 main menus integrated with 1 technical documentation system. The resulting prototype was tested using the system usability scale and obtained a score of 73.9 and usability rating of 26.6 out of 40 with both grade B-. Further research is expected in refining the prototype and further evaluation on the impact toward product compliance’s business process.

This study aims to analyze the development process of IoT smart tracking products for XYZ mobile operators in Indonesia using a Design Thinking approach. Design Thinking is a creative and innovative approach that focuses on user-centered design. Unlike traditional design methods, Design Thinking involves strong creative thinking and a focus on the user's needs. In this study, a qualitative research methodology was used, including in-depth interviews with several potential and existing customers of IoT intelligent tracking during the Design Thinking empathy stage. The next stage, defining problems and ideas, is validated by the XYZ IoT operator's product development team. Through interviews with three participants from various business backgrounds who are interested in using IoT products and three experts from the IoT development team at mobile operator XYZ, the study identifies the question of "How Might We" (HMW), namely: "How can we develop a more reliable and real-time IoT smart tracking product?" After brainstorming and discussing of 19 proposed ideas with XYZ's IoT expert team, the results in the ideation stage determined that developing cybersecurity features and predictive algorithms is the most unique and impactful product, while also cost-effective solution in developing new IoT products for XYZ mobile operators.

Bandung is one of the cities with a high culinary appeal. However, there are several problems found such as a decrease in sales due to the Covid-19, not conducting the market surveys, and tight competition in the culinary industry. One of the concepts that can solve these problems is a human-centered approach called Design Thinking. Hence, it is needed to measure whether the concept is already implemented or not. The result of this measurement can define the further plan to solve the problems stated. Design thinking is the rationale in the process of transforming a creative mindset into an innovation. This study measures the implementation of the Design Thinking concept in the culinary subsector in Bandung which includes five stages, namely: empathize, define, ideation, prototype, and test. The data collection is conducted by distributing questionnaires to 92 dine-in and 92 takeaway culinary businesses. The data gathered is then processed by using the descriptive statistical analysis technique and a two-tailed t-test. The result of the study indicates that the culinary business actors in Bandung city have implemented the Design Thinking concept well, although the empathize and define stages are still included in the bad category. There is also a difference in implementing the Design Thinking concept between dine-in and takeaway culinary businesses. Further study is expected to measure the impact of the Design Thinking concept’s implementation on the culinary businesses’ sales performance.