Explore publications.

This study examines the prospective integration of blockchain technologies to enhance operational transparency in the Iraqi banking sector. Despite the absence of actual blockchain deployment, the research adopts a foresight-driven, empirical approach combining literature analysis with survey data from 82 banking professionals. Results from statistical tests (including ANOVA and t-tests) reveal a generally low level of institutional awareness but a strong perceived potential for transparency improvement—especially when paired with a phased implementation model. Moreover, technological infrastructure and management attitudes were found to significantly mediate the adoption process. The study concludes with practical recommendations tailored to Iraq’s institutional realities and proposes a scalable roadmap for gradual blockchain adoption. These insights contribute to bridging the gap between technological potential and institutional readiness in developing economies.

<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt;"><em><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">In this article the features of Crypto Currencies, which are not backed by governments, are investigated with regards to their specialties, usage areas and current structures. In this context the newly invented crypto currencies are compared with currency types that were in use in different periods of history. A similarity between Crypto Currencies and Free Banking Era Banknotes is noticed and thus investigated in details. The possible risks and outcomes with regards to the future usage of crypto currencies are analyzed and elaborated.</span></em></p>