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This paper explores complexities and constraints affecting performance and output of physical science learners in Vhembe District, Limpopo Province, South Africa. The study was motivated by the desire of the researcher to establish, profile and characterise the complexities and constraints reminiscence of poor performance of learners in physical science as measured through end-of-year Grade 12 (final year of high school education) examination results. Twenty six schools (n=26) were purposively selected from three circuits of education (n=3). From these schools, two learners were randomly selected (n=52) for interviews. In addition, two circuit managers (n=2) were conveniently selected as part of Key Informant Interviews (KII). For the Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), twelve (n=12) parents were randomly selected to form two groups of six members each. Multi-factor complexities and constraints impeding performance of learners were discovered. Intensive teacher in-service programme is recommended. Community engagement should be encouraged to educate parents on the value of involvement in the education of their children. Free access learner support structures such as Homework and Extra-lessons Assistance Centre (H&EACs) should be established.