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The primary aim of this study was to assess the suitability of blockchain technology for improving the efficiency of supply chain operations in the public sector in Tanzania. Blockchain technology (BT) is a contemporary and rapidly growing technology that has gained widespread popularity globally due to its capacity to connect several stakeholders (blocks) worldwide with the aim of enhancing efficiency in business transactions. With this perspective in mind, the researcher was driven to evaluate the capabilities of blockchain technology in the field of supply chain in Tanzania. This evaluation concentrated on three distinct areas: the degree of public awareness of blockchain technology, the strategies used by public bodies to use blockchain technology, and the significant issues that obstruct the implementation of blockchain technology. The study utilized network theory as a framework to analyze the findings. It employed a descriptive survey approach, with a sample size of 192 respondents who were engaged as registered procurement experts in public institutions. In collecting data from respondents, structured questionnaires were prepared using Google Forms and submitted to respondents through their e-mails. A total of 154 questionnaires were properly filled out and submitted, for a response rate of 80.2%. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. The results show that 74.7% of the respondents are unaware of the application of blockchain technology in supply chain operations. In terms of practice, the majority of public entities (67%) use e-payment as the main application of blockchain technology. Additionally, 64% of the respondents identified technical issues and a lack of understanding as the main challenges affecting the application of blockchain technology. Moreover, the study demonstrates a robust correlation between the utilization of blockchain technology and the enhancement of efficiency in supply chain operations. Ultimately, the study suggests implementing an extensive awareness campaign targeted at practitioners in order to enhance the rate of adoption and fully use the capabilities of blockchain technology in Tanzania.

Whilst e-commerce continues to grow, it has met privacy, trust, and security challenges. Blockchain technology is among the solutions that e-commerce can use to address these challenges. Blockchain technology poses benefits but comes with its challenges. The purpose of this study was to systematically review literature that focused on the state and prospects of blockchain technology in e-commerce. Specifically, the research question is what is the state of the application of blockchain technology in e-commerce? The study conducted searches using four databases (EbscoHost, Science Direct, IEEE Explore, and Jstor) as well as Google Scholar. Exclusion and inclusion criteria were applied in the searches to answer the research question. In total, 25 articles were used for this research and were thematically analysed. The results showed that while there are many benefits in implementing blockchain technologies in e-commerce, there are also challenges. The benefits include an increase in privacy, enhanced security, and minimized costs of transactions. The challenges are tax evasion, black market transactions, and lack of regulation. Results also showed blockchains are used to track product movement and originality. The study's novel contribution is to theory by developing a model for the application, benefits, and challenges of the blockchain technology ecosystem in e-commerce. The study contributes to policy by focusing on sustainable development goals 7 and 9. The research also contributes to the body of knowledge on the application of blockchain. Businesses, scholars, government officials, and other stakeholders can use this study to understand the application, challenges, and benefits of blockchain in e-commerce.

This study aims to identify the most influential blockchain types for potential implementation areas in the transforming mobility ecosystem, considering application area-specific needs such as transparency, transaction speed, scalability, energy usage, security, and operating cost. The study demonstrated the hybrid blockchain suitability for most of the 13 distinguished mobility applications, while private and consortium blockchains are found applicable based on the needs of specific use cases. A public blockchain is only found suitable for two of the use cases. Proof of Authority and Proof of Stake matches well with most use cases, while Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance and Proof of Work could be suitable in particular.