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Digitalisation is increasingly promoted as a catalyst for agricultural productivity, climate resilience, and market integration. However, there is limited systematic analysis of how digital agricultural transformation unfolds within South Africa’s institutional and socio-economic context. This study examines the trajectory, drivers, and governance implications of digitalisation in South African agriculture. Anchored in an integrated Socio-Technical Systems and Digital Agriculture Ecosystem framework, the study applies a structured qualitative document analysis of 82 academic and policy documents published between 2013 and 2025. The findings reveal highly uneven digital adoption patterns that reflect a structural dualism between capital-intensive commercial agriculture and resource-constrained smallholder systems. While South Africa has developed a relatively advanced digital policy architecture, implementation fragmentation, infrastructure constraints, and limited capacity for extension impede inclusive digital outcomes. The study contributes by integrating socio-technical and ecosystem perspectives to analyse digital transitions in emerging economies and by providing a transparent analytical protocol for document-based research. Policy implications highlight the need for coordinated governance, investment in rural connectivity, and targeted support mechanisms to ensure equitable digital transformation.

This study examines how small agribusinesses in Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa, respond to digital disruption within a changing rural economy. Using a hybrid methodology combining bibliometric analysis and thematic synthesis, it draws on 2015–2024 data from Scopus and Web of Science. Bibliometric mapping reveals global research trends, while thematic analysis identifies local coping strategies. Findings show that despite financial and infrastructural constraints, small agribusinesses employ informal digital practices to improve efficiency and navigate market challenges. The study highlights grassroots innovation and resilience in a resource-constrained context, offering a context-sensitive view of digital adoption. It contributes to theory by extending the Diffusion of Innovation framework to rural entrepreneurship and emphasises the role of digital inequality in shaping innovation. The research provides valuable insights for policy, support mechanisms, and future studies aimed at fostering inclusive digital transformation in marginalised agribusiness settings.