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This paper examines various models of entrepreneurship in the recruiting, managing, and organizing of Human Resources of an enterprise or organization. It adds to the growing body of literature in entrepreneurship by reviewing literature that examines the relationship between entrepreneurship and the Human resource management practice. It examines the theoretical framework that underpins the relationship between HRM and entrepreneurship. The study introduces strategic HRM as an entrepreneurial strategy whereby employees are applied as instruments needed to fully accomplish organizational objectives. It concludes that in starting a new firm or maintaining an already established organization where resources are limited, entrepreneurship and the role of an entrepreneur becomes a crucial management function in the selection and personal development of the human resource competencies. Organizations are therefore encouraged to imbibe the role of entrepreneurship in the managing of Human Resources in order to drive innovativeness, lead change, and make continuous improvements.

The present article aimed at studying the relationship between project-based organization and competence management practices (recruitment, assessment, training, compensation and career management). The central question of our research is formulated as follows: To what extent does project-based organization influence competence management practices? To answer this question, we adopted a quantitative study. A total of 156 Tunisian project managers participated in our survey. We tested our hypotheses through a linear regression analysis. The results show that the majority of competence management practices, namely recruitment, evaluation and training, are more relevant to project-based organizations and thus the three first hypotheses are confirmed. However, other practices, like remuneration and career management, are insensitive to project activities.