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The aim of the empirical study is to investigate credit risk determinants in banking sectors across three kinds of South Asian economies. An accumulated sample of 105 unbalanced panel data of financial firms over the period of 2000-2015, by applying General Method of Moment (GMM) estimation techniques one-step at the difference in order to identify factors influencing credit risk. This study is inspired by two broad categories of explanatory variables which are bank-specific and macroeconomic. Bank-specific factors influencing unsystematic risk, while macroeconomic factors promoting systematic risk. The study uses a proxy of non-performing loans for credit risk in banking sectors of Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh. The empirical results have been found aligned with theoretical arguments and literature as expected. In comparison, NPLs in Pakistan is greater than India and Bangladesh, while India has the lowest ratio of non-performing loans. The study documents that bank-specific factors (inefficiency, profitability, capital ratio and leverage) have a significant contribution towards credit risk. Further, the study also finds a significant impact of macroeconomic variables on non-performing loans. While, the result in the case of Bangladesh predicts contradictions that have no significant effect on non-performing loans at various levels. The overall results indicate that credit risk is not influenced by only external factors but also affect by internal factors like bad management and skimping etc.

Pakistan is experiencing an enormous increase in the acceptance of western apparel shopping among people. To bind this opportunity, it is necessary to understand ensure the repurchase intention among customers. Hence this research article explored the impact of Service and Product related attributes on Re-purchase Intention: Role of customer characteristics and customer satisfaction in an apparel shopping context. The importance of product attributes and service attributes to the result of repurchase intention has been well documented. In the past, scarce studies will be done to check this relationship. The theoretical repurchase model was developed and tested using SEM on experiential data of 350 apparel brand customers. In Pakistan's scenario, the study's significance is that the clothing industry is becoming more frequent and increasingly focused on developing brands. Simultaneously, the Pakistan textile and clothing brands industry became more and more developed and strongly influenced the international market worldwide. The current research finding will enable marketers to realize the value of product and service attributes and depict the different factors of customer characteristics and customer satisfaction impact on repurchase intention for ensuring continuity among old customers. Furthermore, the current research will make a valuable addition to increasing repurchase intention literature for marketers.  

The key purpose of this research paper is to explore the moderating effect of Corporate Governance on the relationship between accounting base financial performance i.e. ROA, and ROE and Capital Structure of 173 Manufacturing firms listed in KSE of Pakistan for the period of 2009 to 2014. In this study multiple regression method is used under fixed effect regression model approach on panel data. The empirical results show that the inclusion of Corporate Governance Index (CGI) as moderating variable has influenced the interaction between Capital Structure and Financial Performance which was positively significant. The result is generally found that the most of Pakistani manufacturing listed firms pursue good corporate governance mechanism and use good and optimal level of Capital Mix to get the better and high financial performance. Furthermore, the corporate governance sub-indices i.e. board structure (BOD-I) and transparency & disclosure (DISC-III) both also have positive and statistically significant association with both firms performance variables: ROA and ROE. Moreover, the ownership structure sub-index (OWS-II) has not significant influence on financial performance. In last, the capital structure also has positive relationship with financial performance, interestingly about 70 per cent of Capital is financed by Equity capital and the Debt capital signifies 30 per cent only. The core significance of this paper is to investigate the impact of Corporate Governance practices on financial decisions from the Pakistani perspective.

The Covid-19 pandemic restricted the people around the world's boundaries. Therefore, online learning's importance increased in the current era, an essential topic for current research. Students are actively using Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) while restricted at their homes during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research investigates the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model (UTAUT) and quality factors to predict the users perceived satisfaction and reuse intentions toward MOOCs in the Covid-19 pandemic. We collected data from three public universities in Wuhan, China and 298 users who were actively using MOOCs participated in this research. The proposed hypotheses were tested by using PLS-SEM. The findings revealed that effort expectancy and social influence directly impacted users' reuse intentions while performance expectancy and perceived course quality positively impacted users' reuse intentions through perceived satisfaction toward MOOCs. This research found the critical role of perceived satisfaction in the current pandemic era. Finally, this research provides important theoretical implications for the researchers and practical implications for the developers, technologists, and policymakers for developing effective systems and strategies in online environments. In addition, this study revealed some limitations and future research guidelines for the researchers.

Preceding researchers have tended to focus on the negative aspect of the perceived overqualification and its inadequacy in the organization. We offer an alternative perspective and postulate that perceived overqualification could influence employees’ behavior through an interactive mechanism. We propose that relational skill abilities, in the form of job autonomy of overqualified employees, determine their tendency to experience interpersonal influences, and, thus engage in helping behavior with devastating work deviance behavior. Data were collected from 20 multinational companies in China through a survey of 500 participants. Structural equation modeling was used for the analysis of data. The results indicate that perceived overqualification has a strong indirect impact via interpersonal influence on the helping behavior and workplace deviance behavior, and increase the helping behavior and decrease the workplace deviance behavior at the working environment. Further, outcomes concluded that job autonomy and prosocial motivation have a significant moderating role and increase the employers helping behavior and deteriorations their Workplace deviance behavior.

Pakistan is experiencing an enormous increase in the acceptance of western apparel shopping among people. To bind this opportunity, it is necessary to understand ensure the repurchase intention among customers. Hence this research article explored the impact of Service and Product related attributes on Re-purchase Intention: Role of customer characteristics and customer satisfaction in an apparel shopping context. The importance of product attributes and service attributes to the result of repurchase intention has been well documented. In the past, scarce studies will be done to check this relationship. The theoretical repurchase model was developed and tested using SEM on experiential data of 350 apparel brand customers. In Pakistan's scenario, the study's significance is that the clothing industry is becoming more frequent and increasingly focused on developing brands. Simultaneously, the Pakistan textile and clothing brands industry became more and more developed and strongly influenced the international market worldwide. The current research finding will enable marketers to realize the value of product and service attributes and depict the different factors of customer characteristics and customer satisfaction impact on repurchase intention for ensuring continuity among old customers. Furthermore, the current research will make a valuable addition to increasing repurchase intention literature for marketers.  

The Covid-19 pandemic restricted the people around the world's boundaries. Therefore, online learning's importance increased in the current era, an essential topic for current research. Students are actively using Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) while restricted at their homes during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research investigates the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model (UTAUT) and quality factors to predict the users perceived satisfaction and reuse intentions toward MOOCs in the Covid-19 pandemic. We collected data from three public universities in Wuhan, China and 298 users who were actively using MOOCs participated in this research. The proposed hypotheses were tested by using PLS-SEM. The findings revealed that effort expectancy and social influence directly impacted users' reuse intentions while performance expectancy and perceived course quality positively impacted users' reuse intentions through perceived satisfaction toward MOOCs. This research found the critical role of perceived satisfaction in the current pandemic era. Finally, this research provides important theoretical implications for the researchers and practical implications for the developers, technologists, and policymakers for developing effective systems and strategies in online environments. In addition, this study revealed some limitations and future research guidelines for the researchers.

The financial system and capital market in developed countries are more developed as compare to emerging countries. Firms like small and medium enterprise (SMEs) needs finance to operate their business and make a competitive position in the market. In an emerging country like Pakistan, SMEs face a lot of financial and non-financial obstacles that may relate to the poor performance of SMEs. This study investigates the relationship between commercial loans, retain earnings, trade credit, managerial activities, and SME's performance. This study also investigates the interaction effect of managerial activities between independent variables and dependent variables.  A survey was conducted in a small and medium enterprise of KPK Pakistan. Data were collected from 362 employees. SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) software was employed for data analysis for descriptive and regression analysis. The finding confirmed that commercial loans, trade credit, retained earning have a positive and significant impact upon SME's performance. It is also found that managerial activities have played a mediating role and increased the performance of SMEs. Among variables under study, the more trade credit activities, the higher the performance of the SMEs is observed. Based on this study's results, Leaders, supervisors, and managers are those employees having a substantial role in the performance, development, failure, and success of an organization. Managerial activities are vital for a manager for the purpose to know what should be done in different circumstances and improve overall performance and accomplish organizational goals.

Preceding researchers have tended to focus on the negative aspect of the perceived overqualification and its inadequacy in the organization. We offer an alternative perspective and postulate that perceived overqualification could influence employees’ behavior through an interactive mechanism. We propose that relational skill abilities, in the form of job autonomy of overqualified employees, determine their tendency to experience interpersonal influences, and, thus engage in helping behavior with devastating work deviance behavior. Data were collected from 20 multinational companies in China through a survey of 500 participants. Structural equation modeling was used for the analysis of data. The results indicate that perceived overqualification has a strong indirect impact via interpersonal influence on the helping behavior and workplace deviance behavior, and increase the helping behavior and decrease the workplace deviance behavior at the working environment. Further, outcomes concluded that job autonomy and prosocial motivation have a significant moderating role and increase the employers helping behavior and deteriorations their Workplace deviance behavior.

The impacts of the government funding on the NGOs in terms of advantages and disadvantages has received mixed response from the scholars. This study attempts to review the promises and perils of government funding on the NGOs and aims to gather the scattered knowledge from literature at one place. Literature review was carried out for the relevant studies. Using the inclusion/exclusion criteria established for this article, 31 studies were finally selected for review. Using thematic analysis approach, 5 main themes regarding government funding impacts on NGOs were extracted from the reviewed 31 studies. The themes are institutional theory and Isomorphism, accountability, loss of autonomy, mission drift and crowding out. Some scholars and studies linked these themes with underperformance while others linked them with stability of the NGOs. Definite results are hard to draw to determine the impacts of government funding on NGOs and in fact these impacts depend upon a number of factors such as, age, size, sector, demography, political, economic and social environments of an NGO