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<p>The proactively evolved banking regulations in the Indian Banking sector under the authorative directive of the Reserve bank of India (RBI) has often brought about a change in the business strategy, capital structure and operations of the banks in the Indian banking sector. During these events of continuous change and adoption of Basel norms, we analyse the efficiency of the Indian banking sector with using Data Envelopment Analysis across three economic eras andacross the different ownership structures. The determinants of efficiency are selected on the basis of intermediation approach. We also attempt to identify whether the inefficiency arises from managerial incompetence or improper size and resource allocation. From our analysis, we identify the main cause of inefficiency in the Indian Banking sector to be arising out of improper size allocation.</p>

This study aimed to measure the technical efficiency of information technology (IT) companies listed on the Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) in Bangladesh. It included ten listed IT companies for the period 2016–2020. The input-oriented Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach was used to measure technical efficiency. This study used two inputs, such as fixed assets and capital expenditure, and three outputs, such as return on equity, return on assets, and total income, to measure technical efficiency. All the required data were collected from publicly available annual reports, the sample companies’ websites, and the website of DSE. The study found that Bangladeshi-listed IT companies were not adequately technically efficient, with an average efficiency score of 56.6 percent, requiring a 43.6 percent improvement in efficiency during the period 2016–2020. This inefficiency was due primarily to pure technical inefficiency followed by scale inefficiency. The findings of the study are expected to provide important and useful information to the Bangladesh Association of Software and Information Services (BASIS), the Bangladesh Computer Council (BCC), the ICT Division of the Bangladesh government, and the sample companies.

The precondition of the increase in the efficiency of the banks depends on their ability to compete. Through the banking sector with high competitive power, economic dynamism is promoted, and economic stability is ensured. The alteration in macroeconomic conditions affects the performance of the banking sector and financial stability. This study was used the malmquist productivity index  to analyze the efficiency of 19 commercial banks operating in Turkey during the period of 1990 - 2012  for intermediation and profit approach. Banks have experienced productivity loss according to both approaches in times of crisis. The efficiency of  intermediation function in the banking sector have increased owing to the regulations made ??under the restructuring program of the Turkish banking sector and the disinflation process. The regression analysis results reveals that the impact of credit / deposit ratio, ROA, ROE and inflation rate is positive on bank’s total factor productivity. As ROE increases, banks' total factor productivity has decreased under the intermediation approach. Increase in GDP has led to increase in bank’s technical efficiency for intermediation and profit approach.

The escalating competitiveness within the healthcare industry and the growing financial burden necessitate public hospitals, which serve as crucial entities in this sector, to enhance the efficiency of their resource utilization. Public hospitals are mandated to determine their levels of activity, utilize cases of inactivity as benchmarks, and formulate strategies to ensure their active engagement. This study focuses on doing a performance and cost analysis of health institutions affiliated with the Turkish Republic Ministry of Health, namely the public hospitals in the Bakirköy area of Istanbul. The evaluation of activity and productivity is practiced to assess the performance and cost-effectiveness of these institutions. According to the data enveloping analysis method, it is evident that approximately 80% of health institutions affiliated with the Istanbul Bakirköy district public hospitals Union general secretary are fully operational and efficient. However, 20% of these institutions face challenges in effectively utilizing their resources. It is well acknowledged that teaching and research hospitals exhibit high levels of productivity and activity since they effectively utilize their resources in a sensible manner.

This study aimed to measure the technical efficiency of information technology (IT) companies listed on the Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) in Bangladesh. It included ten listed IT companies for the period 2016–2020. The input-oriented Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach was used to measure technical efficiency. This study used two inputs, such as fixed assets and capital expenditure, and three outputs, such as return on equity, return on assets, and total income, to measure technical efficiency. All the required data were collected from publicly available annual reports, the sample companies’ websites, and the website of DSE. The study found that Bangladeshi-listed IT companies were not adequately technically efficient, with an average efficiency score of 56.6 percent, requiring a 43.6 percent improvement in efficiency during the period 2016–2020. This inefficiency was due primarily to pure technical inefficiency followed by scale inefficiency. The findings of the study are expected to provide important and useful information to the Bangladesh Association of Software and Information Services (BASIS), the Bangladesh Computer Council (BCC), the ICT Division of the Bangladesh government, and the sample companies.

The escalating competitiveness within the healthcare industry and the growing financial burden necessitate public hospitals, which serve as crucial entities in this sector, to enhance the efficiency of their resource utilization. Public hospitals are mandated to determine their levels of activity, utilize cases of inactivity as benchmarks, and formulate strategies to ensure their active engagement. This study focuses on doing a performance and cost analysis of health institutions affiliated with the Turkish Republic Ministry of Health, namely the public hospitals in the Bakirköy area of Istanbul. The evaluation of activity and productivity is practiced to assess the performance and cost-effectiveness of these institutions. According to the data enveloping analysis method, it is evident that approximately 80% of health institutions affiliated with the Istanbul Bakirköy district public hospitals Union general secretary are fully operational and efficient. However, 20% of these institutions face challenges in effectively utilizing their resources. It is well acknowledged that teaching and research hospitals exhibit high levels of productivity and activity since they effectively utilize their resources in a sensible manner.

The precondition of the increase in the efficiency of the banks depends on their ability to compete. Through the banking sector with high competitive power, economic dynamism is promoted, and economic stability is ensured. The alteration in macroeconomic conditions affects the performance of the banking sector and financial stability. This study was used the malmquist productivity index  to analyze the efficiency of 19 commercial banks operating in Turkey during the period of 1990 - 2012  for intermediation and profit approach. Banks have experienced productivity loss according to both approaches in times of crisis. The efficiency of  intermediation function in the banking sector have increased owing to the regulations made ??under the restructuring program of the Turkish banking sector and the disinflation process. The regression analysis results reveals that the impact of credit / deposit ratio, ROA, ROE and inflation rate is positive on bank’s total factor productivity. As ROE increases, banks' total factor productivity has decreased under the intermediation approach. Increase in GDP has led to increase in bank’s technical efficiency for intermediation and profit approach.

<p>The proactively evolved banking regulations in the Indian Banking sector under the authorative directive of the Reserve bank of India (RBI) has often brought about a change in the business strategy, capital structure and operations of the banks in the Indian banking sector. During these events of continuous change and adoption of Basel norms, we analyse the efficiency of the Indian banking sector with using Data Envelopment Analysis across three economic eras andacross the different ownership structures. The determinants of efficiency are selected on the basis of intermediation approach. We also attempt to identify whether the inefficiency arises from managerial incompetence or improper size and resource allocation. From our analysis, we identify the main cause of inefficiency in the Indian Banking sector to be arising out of improper size allocation.</p>