Explore the evidence.
Understand the reach.

Bangladesh is an extremely adverse affected country over the world related to environment and ecology due to global warming so that Bangladesh economy experienced many serious problems for global warming. The study is planned by addressing this burning issue and identifying gaps in knowledge after reviewing related literature. The aim of this dissertation is to look into sustainable banking practice, i.e., green banking practice by selected banks. To achieve the aim of the thesis, it is focused on major impact of selected green banking practice on banks profitability and also showed the problems, prospect, suggestion & recommendations for selected banks & stakeholders. In this study, the secondary data are collected from annuals reports during 2011-18 of selected commercial banks. The statistical techniques are used, i.e., descriptive statistics, graphic presentations, ANOVA, linear regression and regression for panel data in Gretl, etc. After analyzing the data, the results of this study inform us of empirical understanding that is there are a poor impact on profitability, i.e., ROA, ROE, and ROI by independent variables i.e., GFI, CRF, OB, GT and GAC of the selected SCBs & PCBs over the study period, because the variation of ROA is only 24% and Variation of ROI is only 39% by independent variables, at the same time ROE has low negative correlations with independent variables because Rho is ?0.235. The comparative position of PCBs is better than SCBs, but both selected SCBs and PCBs' performance are found below satisfactory in most of the aspects of the study during 2011-18. 

Green bonds are typically used for environmental protection projects. This paper explores the differences between general bonds and green bonds in Taiwan, as well as the impact of inflation. The findings are as follows: First, because green bonds support environmentally sustainable development projects, which require a longer time to realize their environmental benefits, they require longer repayment periods. Second, most green bonds have lower coupon rates than general bonds, indicating that investors are willing to accept lower interest income for the sake of environmental sustainability. Third, because green bonds invest in environmental protection projects with lower returns, investors also demand higher risk premiums due to relatively higher recovery risks. Finally, after inflation occurs, the increase in green bond coupon rates is less than that of general bonds. Inflation may have different effects on the dividend yields of individual companies, but there is no significant difference for the overall industry.

The Paris Agreement has highlighted the worldwide significance of adaptation. Many investors are considering the effects of climate change and resource scarcity when making decisions. Even while the whole amount of the environmental harm caused by climate change is yet unknown, recent scientific evidence is more frightening, and many governments are taking substantial measures to avert a calamity. The financial innovations and mechanisms created to ease the transition to a low-carbon economy will have far-reaching effects on markets, firms, intermediaries, and investors. Although economists have been working on the subject for decades, financial-economics professionals have only recently become interested in climate change. There has been a growing body of empirical and theoretical contributions in recent years that analyse the influence of climate risks on investment decisions for firms, financial intermediaries, and national governments, as well as the pricing and hedging of climate change risks. This study seeks to establish the role of multilateral climate change financing in the developing world vis-à-vis challenges and opportunities for Africa. Five determinants of the multilateral climate fund were established and they are namely; Reduction of Greenhouse gas emissions, Enabling Environments, Poverty and development linkages, Private investment and Public climate finance.

A collage of environmental challenges in South Africa have stimulated the growing interest for greener practices. Notwithstanding the generic antecedents of green practices in the existing literature, little is known if water and energy consumption matter to investors who are going green. Thus, we seek to investigate if water and energy consumption influences investors’ green practices in South Africa. We adopt a positivist stance and employ a quantitative research approach to achieve the set objective. We draw archival data from companies that constitute the FTSE/JSE Responsible Investment Index given their environmental impact. We generate a short panel data set of 19 FTSE/JSE RII companies with a six-year period resulting in 114 observations to statistically conduct the analysis. Given stationarity of all endogenous variables at I(1), we adopt first differenced econometric models namely Panel Vector Autoregression Model (PVAR) for Random Effects Generalized Least Squares (GLS) regression and Random Effects Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE) to generate more robust results generalisable to the entire population. We find a statistically significant negative effect of water and energy consumption on investor share ownership. Thus, we posit that corporate water and energy consumption may not be the primary antecedents of investors’ sustainability practices in South Africa. This paper agitates for future research studies to pursue the same enquiry using sustainability variables other than water and energy consumption.

A collage of environmental challenges in South Africa have stimulated the growing interest for greener practices. Notwithstanding the generic antecedents of green practices in the existing literature, little is known if water and energy consumption matter to investors who are going green. Thus, we seek to investigate if water and energy consumption influences investors’ green practices in South Africa. We adopt a positivist stance and employ a quantitative research approach to achieve the set objective. We draw archival data from companies that constitute the FTSE/JSE Responsible Investment Index given their environmental impact. We generate a short panel data set of 19 FTSE/JSE RII companies with a six-year period resulting in 114 observations to statistically conduct the analysis. Given stationarity of all endogenous variables at I(1), we adopt first differenced econometric models namely Panel Vector Autoregression Model (PVAR) for Random Effects Generalized Least Squares (GLS) regression and Random Effects Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE) to generate more robust results generalisable to the entire population. We find a statistically significant negative effect of water and energy consumption on investor share ownership. Thus, we posit that corporate water and energy consumption may not be the primary antecedents of investors’ sustainability practices in South Africa. This paper agitates for future research studies to pursue the same enquiry using sustainability variables other than water and energy consumption.

Green bonds are typically used for environmental protection projects. This paper explores the differences between general bonds and green bonds in Taiwan, as well as the impact of inflation. The findings are as follows: First, because green bonds support environmentally sustainable development projects, which require a longer time to realize their environmental benefits, they require longer repayment periods. Second, most green bonds have lower coupon rates than general bonds, indicating that investors are willing to accept lower interest income for the sake of environmental sustainability. Third, because green bonds invest in environmental protection projects with lower returns, investors also demand higher risk premiums due to relatively higher recovery risks. Finally, after inflation occurs, the increase in green bond coupon rates is less than that of general bonds. Inflation may have different effects on the dividend yields of individual companies, but there is no significant difference for the overall industry.

Bangladesh is an extremely adverse affected country over the world related to environment and ecology due to global warming so that Bangladesh economy experienced many serious problems for global warming. The study is planned by addressing this burning issue and identifying gaps in knowledge after reviewing related literature. The aim of this dissertation is to look into sustainable banking practice, i.e., green banking practice by selected banks. To achieve the aim of the thesis, it is focused on major impact of selected green banking practice on banks profitability and also showed the problems, prospect, suggestion & recommendations for selected banks & stakeholders. In this study, the secondary data are collected from annuals reports during 2011-18 of selected commercial banks. The statistical techniques are used, i.e., descriptive statistics, graphic presentations, ANOVA, linear regression and regression for panel data in Gretl, etc. After analyzing the data, the results of this study inform us of empirical understanding that is there are a poor impact on profitability, i.e., ROA, ROE, and ROI by independent variables i.e., GFI, CRF, OB, GT and GAC of the selected SCBs & PCBs over the study period, because the variation of ROA is only 24% and Variation of ROI is only 39% by independent variables, at the same time ROE has low negative correlations with independent variables because Rho is ?0.235. The comparative position of PCBs is better than SCBs, but both selected SCBs and PCBs' performance are found below satisfactory in most of the aspects of the study during 2011-18. 

The Paris Agreement has highlighted the worldwide significance of adaptation. Many investors are considering the effects of climate change and resource scarcity when making decisions. Even while the whole amount of the environmental harm caused by climate change is yet unknown, recent scientific evidence is more frightening, and many governments are taking substantial measures to avert a calamity. The financial innovations and mechanisms created to ease the transition to a low-carbon economy will have far-reaching effects on markets, firms, intermediaries, and investors. Although economists have been working on the subject for decades, financial-economics professionals have only recently become interested in climate change. There has been a growing body of empirical and theoretical contributions in recent years that analyse the influence of climate risks on investment decisions for firms, financial intermediaries, and national governments, as well as the pricing and hedging of climate change risks. This study seeks to establish the role of multilateral climate change financing in the developing world vis-à-vis challenges and opportunities for Africa. Five determinants of the multilateral climate fund were established and they are namely; Reduction of Greenhouse gas emissions, Enabling Environments, Poverty and development linkages, Private investment and Public climate finance.