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The use of motorcycles has increased dramatically in Africa in recent years. Motorcycles (boda boda) are often used as taxis, with riders charging a fare to carry passengers or goods by wholesalers and retailers. Motorcycle transport is certainly not without risk, including the risk of being injured in a crash. Attempts by governments to regulate the use of motorcycle taxis for safety and other reasons have largely failed, with authorities often unable to keep pace with the rapid influx of motorcycles into the continent and the high demand for their services by local populations. This study sought to establish the moderating effect of road safety and compliance training on the relationship between the motorcycle accessibility market and the performance of wholesale retail businesses in Kenya. This study was anchored on system theory. The research philosophy adopted for the study was descriptive using a quantitative approach was used. The study targeted all wholesale and retail shops in 47 counties and systematic sampling and simple random sampling techniques were employed to select a sample size of 383 respondents. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Descriptive and inferential analysis was undertaken using SPSS software Version 28. On average, the findings noted that motorcycle accessibility to the markets had enhanced the growth of wholesaler and retailer businesses in Kenya with a score of 4.03 out of 5.0. On inferential statistics, the results indicate road safety and compliance training of motorcycle riders had a positive moderating effect on the relationship between the motorcycle accessibility market and performance wholesale retail business R squared change of 0.206 which translates to a 21.39% change in the R-square. This means road safety and compliance training of motorcycle riders’ moderate motorcycle accessibility market and performance positively and statistically significant. The findings imply that training motorcycle riders on road safety and compliance is very important in improving the wholesale and retail sector performance in Kenya. The government should formalize road safety and compliance, in this case, NTSA, should uphold and enhance official training of the commercial motorcycle delivery solution providers.

Worldwide, startup businesses are essential for any country's economic development. Despite the rapid growth of start-ups, their likelihood of success and viability remain low. This trend is more observed in developing countries due to the low uptake of business incubation services such as Kenya. The aim of the current study was to determine the effect of networking services, physical incubation, and management mentoring on the growth of start-ups in Kenya. The study was based on the social network theory, the theory of the firm, the stochastic theory and the trait theory of entrepreneurship. A cross-sectional research design was used. A sample size of 227 respondents was selected from a total population of 567 respondents using proportionate stratified and simple random sampling techniques. Primary data was collected using a structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed with multiple linear regression with the help of SPSS. The finding of the study indicated that there was a positive and significant effect between networking services, physical incubation infrastructure and management mentoring and growth of startups. The study suggests that startups should join associations like the Associations of Startups and SME Enablers of Kenya and the Association of Countrywide Innovation Hubs to access incubation infrastructure. This will allow access to investor networks, civil society programs, and government agencies, accelerating business growth. Additionally, business incubators can partner with universities for specialized research in areas like health, agriculture, and climate change through the triple helix model.

Firms are driven to maximize profits, requiring specialized techniques to improve performance. Firms can handle chaotic conditions by acting strategically. Global studies show high early-stage SME death rates. Hospitality studies have not examined how lean-green methods boost performance and competitiveness. Lean-green methods affect the entrepreneurial spirit and performance of medium-sized hotels in Kenyan cities. The paper relies on discovery and dynamic capability theory. The article used mixed-methods, concurrent triangulation, and pragmatic philosophy. 534 medium hotel managers in Mombasa, Nairobi, and Kisumu were studied, and 229 were sampled using stratified random sampling. Data was collected by questionnaire and saved in MS Excel for case-variable screening and cleaning. SPSS 22 was used for data analysis. Pearson's correlation and regression models analyzed quantitative data. In Kenyan cities, entrepreneurial attitude positively affects medium hotel performance (=.775, t = 17.499, p.05). Lean-green synergy positively impacted performance (? =.527, t = 12.497, p ?.05) and moderated the connection between entrepreneurial mentality and business performance. The study found that lean-green techniques boost performance. Lean-green production strategies are recommended by the study. These findings benefit hotel entrepreneurs, managers, academia, and legislators. The study proposes studying other industries besides hospitality to see whether comparable findings are found.

Despite the effort to increase financial inclusion, women-owned Micro, Small, and Medium-sized Enterprises (MSMEs) continue to face challenges in the uptake of financial services. Low financial uptake is strongly associated with business failure leading to low income and living standards among women entrepreneurs in marginalized areas. Market system strategies are crucial in determining businesses' level of financial uptake. The study investigated the effect of market system strategies on the financial uptake of women-owned MSMEs in the informal settlement of Nyeri County. Specifically, it investigated the effect of business readiness, financial literacy, investor relationships, and investment impact on financial uptake among women-owned MSMEs. The study variables were anchored on Ricky Griffin's model, Theory of Change, and Refinancing theory. The study used a descriptive research design, specifically a cross-sectional design. The target population was 890 women-owned MSMEs in the informal settlements of Nyeri county. Proportionate stratified and random sampling were used to obtain a sample of 275 businesses representing approximately 30% of the study population. Data was collected using structured questionnaires. A pilot test was conducted using ten individuals to test and improve the study questionnaire Reliability was tested using Cronbach's alpha, where an alpha of 0.7 was the acceptable threshold. Regression analyses indicated that the market system strategies, business readiness, financial literacy, impact investment, and investor relationship positively and significantly affected financial uptake, with p-values lower than 0.05 alpha. The study found that businesses with better market system strategies have a higher financial uptake. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that policies and interventions aimed at improving financial uptake among women-owned MSMEs should focus on enhancing business readiness and financial literacy and building strong impact investment and investor relationships. The county government, NGOs, and others interested stakeholders should encourage women entrepreneurs in informal settlements of Nyeri county to seek training and support to develop their business skills and increase their understanding of financial uptake. Furthermore, the county and national governments should connect women-owned MSMEs with impact investors and establish relationships to provide funding, support, and mentorship. Finally, policymakers and stakeholders in the financial sector should consider creating an enabling environment that supports and incentivizes impact investment in MSMEs, especially those owned by women, to increase their financial uptake.

The study explores the impact of entrepreneurial passion on process innovation and firm performance, based on self-efficacy theory. Relevant hypotheses were proposed, and the promotion mechanism of entrepreneurial passion on process innovation and enterprise performance was analyzed. A survey of 150 Kenyan firm owners/managers was conducted, and the results showed that process innovation has a significant positive effect on performance. Entrepreneurial passion is a significant moderator of the relationship between process innovation and performance, with firms with higher levels of passion achieving greater performance from implementing process innovation. This suggests that entrepreneurial passion can guide entrepreneurial persistence and promote enterprise performance by stimulating positive emotions and creativity. The study suggests that effective management of process innovation can enhance performance and encourage more entrepreneurial behavior in competitive business environments.

Fraud is a thorn in the flesh of many organizations in both local and global business ecosystems, more so in the financial sector because of the liquid nature of their services. To curb this menace, Financial Institutions including Microfinance institutions implemented fraud risk management practices. While larger financial institutions afford raft measures for curbing fraud, MFIs contend with less sophisticated practices in spite of them being the most susceptible to financial improprieties. Further, the determination of the overall effect of these practices on financial performance is critical in evaluating their success. The objective of this study therefore was to find out how fraud risk management practices affect the financial performance of Microfinance Institutions in Kenya. The study was anchored on the fraud management life cycle theory and focused on twelve deposit-taking Microfinance Institutions that were in operation in the Nairobi region of Kenya between 2016 to 2020. The study adopted a descriptive research design using cross-sectional data computed from the average financial results for five years 2016-2020. The study used purposive and stratified Random sampling methods to select a sample of 281 respondents from finance, ICT, operations, Audit, and Litigation managers and staff. The study used descriptive and inferential statistics to analyze the data. The results showed that fraud risk management positively and significantly affected financial performance by curbing incidents of fraud and concluded that to improve financial performance microfinance institutions should implement fraud risk management since they had a positive and significant effect on financial performance. The study recommended that firms should invest substantially in fraud risk management to reduce incidences of fraud and improve financial performance. Further, the management of Microfinance Institutions should continually evaluate and update their practices to keep abreast with the ever-changing fraud antics.

The study investigated the role played by the dimensions of organizational culture in a strategic management process to help organizations in the hotel industry realize business recovery in a post-COVID-19 period. The conceptualization of the study relied on the strategic thinking lens preceding strategic management processes to situate the role of organizational culture in the strategic management processes undertaken at the strategy formulation phase. The element of organization's mission was argued to be the relevant practice for anchoring culture into the strategy formulation process. Four types of organizational culture were studied in business recovery. Three objectives guided the study focusing on the extent of the adoption of culture types, levels of business recovery attained and the effect of the level of adoption on the level of business recovery attained. A sample of 57 hotels was selected and 189 respondents were drawn from functional units in each of the hotels. The study reports that the level of adoption of the culture is at a high level while the extent of business recovery is at a moderate level of between 20-40% growth. Innovation culture does not have a significant statistical effect while market, customer orientation and adhocracy cultures have a significant statistical effect on the level of business recovery. The study concludes that the relevant cultures were responsible for aligning culture with the strategy formulation phase through the component of the mission of an organization and that the process needs to embrace combined attributes of the underpinning theories of RBV and the organizational culture theory. The study calls on future research to integrate more aspects of strategic thinking and consider using more objective sources of research data.

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of capital mobilization on the operational outcomes of medium-sized hotels located in urban areas of Kenya. The research was grounded in the framework of dynamic capability theory. The study employed a pragmatic research paradigm that utilized mixed methodologies and employed a contemporaneous triangulation research methodology. The sample consisted of 534 medium-sized hotels. The researchers employed a stratified random sampling methodology to ascertain a sample size of 229 hotels. The research was grounded in the theoretical framework of the natural resource-based perspective. In order to examine the goal hypothesis, the researchers calculated the beta coefficient and conducted a t-test to assess the association between capital mobilization and the performance of medium hotels in Kenya. The significance level for this test was set at 5%. The null hypothesis was rejected based on the statistically significant estimated beta value (0.698, p = 0.000), indicating a confirmed substantial association between capital mobilization and the performance of medium hotels in urban areas of Kenya. The performance of a firm is influenced by the amalgamation of employees' knowledge and abilities, which are integrated through various processes and procedures. This integration not only shapes the structure of the organization but also facilitates the generation of value. The study suggests that it would be beneficial to focus on implementing lean-green practices during capital growth, as these practices have been shown to align with improved performance. Additionally, it is recommended to place greater emphasis on incorporating the concept of 5S into entrepreneurship courses at all levels of education.

Firms are driven to maximize profits, requiring specialized techniques to improve performance. Firms can handle chaotic conditions by acting strategically. Global studies show high early-stage SME death rates. Hospitality studies have not examined how lean-green methods boost performance and competitiveness. Lean-green methods affect the entrepreneurial spirit and performance of medium-sized hotels in Kenyan cities. The paper relies on discovery and dynamic capability theory. The article used mixed-methods, concurrent triangulation, and pragmatic philosophy. 534 medium hotel managers in Mombasa, Nairobi, and Kisumu were studied, and 229 were sampled using stratified random sampling. Data was collected by questionnaire and saved in MS Excel for case-variable screening and cleaning. SPSS 22 was used for data analysis. Pearson's correlation and regression models analyzed quantitative data. In Kenyan cities, entrepreneurial attitude positively affects medium hotel performance (=.775, t = 17.499, p.05). Lean-green synergy positively impacted performance (? =.527, t = 12.497, p ?.05) and moderated the connection between entrepreneurial mentality and business performance. The study found that lean-green techniques boost performance. Lean-green production strategies are recommended by the study. These findings benefit hotel entrepreneurs, managers, academia, and legislators. The study proposes studying other industries besides hospitality to see whether comparable findings are found.

Despite the effort to increase financial inclusion, women-owned Micro, Small, and Medium-sized Enterprises (MSMEs) continue to face challenges in the uptake of financial services. Low financial uptake is strongly associated with business failure leading to low income and living standards among women entrepreneurs in marginalized areas. Market system strategies are crucial in determining businesses' level of financial uptake. The study investigated the effect of market system strategies on the financial uptake of women-owned MSMEs in the informal settlement of Nyeri County. Specifically, it investigated the effect of business readiness, financial literacy, investor relationships, and investment impact on financial uptake among women-owned MSMEs. The study variables were anchored on Ricky Griffin's model, Theory of Change, and Refinancing theory. The study used a descriptive research design, specifically a cross-sectional design. The target population was 890 women-owned MSMEs in the informal settlements of Nyeri county. Proportionate stratified and random sampling were used to obtain a sample of 275 businesses representing approximately 30% of the study population. Data was collected using structured questionnaires. A pilot test was conducted using ten individuals to test and improve the study questionnaire Reliability was tested using Cronbach's alpha, where an alpha of 0.7 was the acceptable threshold. Regression analyses indicated that the market system strategies, business readiness, financial literacy, impact investment, and investor relationship positively and significantly affected financial uptake, with p-values lower than 0.05 alpha. The study found that businesses with better market system strategies have a higher financial uptake. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that policies and interventions aimed at improving financial uptake among women-owned MSMEs should focus on enhancing business readiness and financial literacy and building strong impact investment and investor relationships. The county government, NGOs, and others interested stakeholders should encourage women entrepreneurs in informal settlements of Nyeri county to seek training and support to develop their business skills and increase their understanding of financial uptake. Furthermore, the county and national governments should connect women-owned MSMEs with impact investors and establish relationships to provide funding, support, and mentorship. Finally, policymakers and stakeholders in the financial sector should consider creating an enabling environment that supports and incentivizes impact investment in MSMEs, especially those owned by women, to increase their financial uptake.