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An entrepreneurial approach is being highlighted by an increasing number of recent studies. The relationship between green entrepreneurial orientation (GEO) and environmental performance (EP) has been studied in the past, and it includes a number of apparatuses. The research's inconsistent findings are likely caused by the absence of the mediating and moderating effects of green competitive advantage (GCA) and green innovation (GI). This study investigates how GEO influences EP Johannesburg municipality in the Gauteng province: the role of GCA and GI. The data was collected form 424 respondents across the Johannesburg municipality. The data was analysed using SmartPLS 4.0. The empirical findings of this study show that there is a significant positive relationship between GEO and the EP of SMEs. The study further shows that the relationship between GEO and EP is partially mediated by GCA and the relationship is also moderated by GI at an average weight. This paper fills a gap in the literature by exploring external business variables mediating and moderating the relationship between GEO and EP and contributes to the discussion on the contradictory results regarding the relationship between GEO and EP. The study suggests some recommendations on how the managers of SMEs can improve GEO. These include the provision of training and development workshops on environmental strategy for management and employees.

This study examines the significance of green purchase behaviour in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and explores the mediating and moderating roles of waste management and eco-regulation in this context. The theoretical frameworks of resource-based view was utilized to conceptualize the relationships and dynamics between green purchase behaviour, waste management, eco-regulations, and sustainable performance in SMEs. Insights from these theoretical perspectives help in understanding how internal resources, capabilities, external pressures, and institutional factors interact to drive sustainability practices and business outcomes. Using a cross-sectional design, a questionnaire survey was administered to 225 SME owners. Using the Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) technique of Partial Least Squares (PLS), this study empirically analyses the relationships between green purchase behaviour, waste management practices, eco-regulations, and sustainable performance in SMEs. The results confirmed that green purchase behaviour (GPB) positively impacts waste management (WM). Furthermore, WM positively impacts financial performance (FP), social performance (SP) and environmental performance (EP). The results validate the mediating role of WM. The moderating results revealed that eco-regulation (ER) does play a moderating role in proposed relationships. As SMEs worldwide grapple with the imperative to adopt sustainable business practices, this study provides valuable insights and a roadmap for SMEs seeking to navigate the complex landscape of environmental responsibility and social accountability. The findings provide practical guidance for SMEs striving to strike a balance between economic success and environmental stewardship, fostering a holistic approach to sustainability of SMEs.

The main purpose of this study is to investigate how green human resource management (GHRM) influences environmental performance (EP) in hotels in South Africa: the mediating and moderating role of environmental concern (EC) and green human capital (GHC). The study followed the quantitative research design and a self-administer questionnaire was employed during the data collection process. Data was collected from two hundred fifteen hotels in a cross-sectional survey. The participants of this study were three-star, four-star, and five-star hotels in Gauteng province. The data was analysed using SmartPLS 4.0. The empirical findings of this study show that there is a significant positive relationship between GHRM and the EP of hotels. The study further shows that the relationship between GHRM and EP is partially mediated by EC and the relationship is also moderated by GHC at an average weight. The study has the following limitations and suggests some new study areas. First, the cross-sectional nature of the survey limits the ability to separate cause-and-effect relationships, and a longitudinal study will help to improve the results. Second, the survey was done on firms in one industry and one country. To improve the generalisability of the findings, further studies can include other industries in other countries. This paper fills a gap in the literature by exploring external business variables mediating and moderating the relationship between EC and GHC and contributes to the discussion on the contradictory results regarding the relationship between GHRM and EP.

This study aims to investigate the impact of green empowering leadership (GEL) on organisational citizenship behaviour toward the environment (OCBE) of employees in hospitality firms. Green empowering leadership is a newly conceptualized leadership style that combines traditional empowering leadership with a focus on environmental sustainability. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine how GEL can improve OCBE in hospitality firms. To test hypotheses and accomplish study goals, the social exchange theory (SET) theory was combined with a quantitative research strategy. Data was collected from hotel employees in a cross-sectional survey and the study adopted the convenience and purposive sampling method, and the survey participants were middle level managers of hotels. The study used the Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) for data analysis. The findings indicate a positive effect of green empowering leadership and OCBE. The findings of the study have important implications for policy and practice in the hospitality industry. There is the need for hotel to adopt green practices and incorporate ecological concerns in their strategy and operation.

This study aims to investigate the impact of green empowering leadership (GEL) on organisational citizenship behaviour toward the environment (OCBE) of employees in hospitality firms. Green empowering leadership is a newly conceptualized leadership style that combines traditional empowering leadership with a focus on environmental sustainability. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine how GEL can improve OCBE in hospitality firms. To test hypotheses and accomplish study goals, the social exchange theory (SET) theory was combined with a quantitative research strategy. Data was collected from hotel employees in a cross-sectional survey and the study adopted the convenience and purposive sampling method, and the survey participants were middle level managers of hotels. The study used the Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) for data analysis. The findings indicate a positive effect of green empowering leadership and OCBE. The findings of the study have important implications for policy and practice in the hospitality industry. There is the need for hotel to adopt green practices and incorporate ecological concerns in their strategy and operation.

This study examines the significance of green purchase behaviour in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and explores the mediating and moderating roles of waste management and eco-regulation in this context. The theoretical frameworks of resource-based view was utilized to conceptualize the relationships and dynamics between green purchase behaviour, waste management, eco-regulations, and sustainable performance in SMEs. Insights from these theoretical perspectives help in understanding how internal resources, capabilities, external pressures, and institutional factors interact to drive sustainability practices and business outcomes. Using a cross-sectional design, a questionnaire survey was administered to 225 SME owners. Using the Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) technique of Partial Least Squares (PLS), this study empirically analyses the relationships between green purchase behaviour, waste management practices, eco-regulations, and sustainable performance in SMEs. The results confirmed that green purchase behaviour (GPB) positively impacts waste management (WM). Furthermore, WM positively impacts financial performance (FP), social performance (SP) and environmental performance (EP). The results validate the mediating role of WM. The moderating results revealed that eco-regulation (ER) does play a moderating role in proposed relationships. As SMEs worldwide grapple with the imperative to adopt sustainable business practices, this study provides valuable insights and a roadmap for SMEs seeking to navigate the complex landscape of environmental responsibility and social accountability. The findings provide practical guidance for SMEs striving to strike a balance between economic success and environmental stewardship, fostering a holistic approach to sustainability of SMEs.

The main purpose of this study is to investigate how green human resource management (GHRM) influences environmental performance (EP) in hotels in South Africa: the mediating and moderating role of environmental concern (EC) and green human capital (GHC). The study followed the quantitative research design and a self-administer questionnaire was employed during the data collection process. Data was collected from two hundred fifteen hotels in a cross-sectional survey. The participants of this study were three-star, four-star, and five-star hotels in Gauteng province. The data was analysed using SmartPLS 4.0. The empirical findings of this study show that there is a significant positive relationship between GHRM and the EP of hotels. The study further shows that the relationship between GHRM and EP is partially mediated by EC and the relationship is also moderated by GHC at an average weight. The study has the following limitations and suggests some new study areas. First, the cross-sectional nature of the survey limits the ability to separate cause-and-effect relationships, and a longitudinal study will help to improve the results. Second, the survey was done on firms in one industry and one country. To improve the generalisability of the findings, further studies can include other industries in other countries. This paper fills a gap in the literature by exploring external business variables mediating and moderating the relationship between EC and GHC and contributes to the discussion on the contradictory results regarding the relationship between GHRM and EP.

An entrepreneurial approach is being highlighted by an increasing number of recent studies. The relationship between green entrepreneurial orientation (GEO) and environmental performance (EP) has been studied in the past, and it includes a number of apparatuses. The research's inconsistent findings are likely caused by the absence of the mediating and moderating effects of green competitive advantage (GCA) and green innovation (GI). This study investigates how GEO influences EP Johannesburg municipality in the Gauteng province: the role of GCA and GI. The data was collected form 424 respondents across the Johannesburg municipality. The data was analysed using SmartPLS 4.0. The empirical findings of this study show that there is a significant positive relationship between GEO and the EP of SMEs. The study further shows that the relationship between GEO and EP is partially mediated by GCA and the relationship is also moderated by GI at an average weight. This paper fills a gap in the literature by exploring external business variables mediating and moderating the relationship between GEO and EP and contributes to the discussion on the contradictory results regarding the relationship between GEO and EP. The study suggests some recommendations on how the managers of SMEs can improve GEO. These include the provision of training and development workshops on environmental strategy for management and employees.