Explore the evidence.
Understand the reach.

The paper evaluates the competitiveness of Bangladesh Readymade Garments (RMG) sector in the global RMG market through Market share analysis using two-digit classifications of Harmonized System (HS)data for the period covering 2012 to 2016 to understand the actual condition of sector’s export comparison with its competitors. While Trade Entropy index has also been calculated to make an attempt to understand the geographical dispersion of export market scenario using two-digit classifications of HS data for the time period between 2006 and 2016. The findings of the paper based on market share analysis illustrate that Bangladesh’s RMG export share in the global market reached 7.50percentin 2016, a shot up by 2.73 percentage points, indicating an increase in export competitiveness, whereas China’s share declined to 33.75 percentin 2016, with an exception to 2013. During this period, Vietnam and India’s market share increased by 2.24, and 0.72 percentage points respectively, making them the 3rd and 6th largest RMG exporter in the world. Trade Entropyindex calculationindicates that the geographical diversification of Bangladesh’s RMG export has increased considering the value of the index, it has increased more than two times during this time period. But, in spite of increasing geographical diversification of the RMG sector market, itsexport is still heavily concentrated on two markets: the European UnionEU (28), and the United States of America (USA). The paper also provides a set of policyrecommendations that wouldbe helpful to both RMG sector stakeholders and policymakers to move forward the sector towards more export competitiveness.

The Chinese economy has reached approximately average annual growth of 9% after economic reform era that began in 1978. This economic development miracle resulted from by exploiting the economic potential of internal factors in a complimentary external environment.  Main aim of this study is to investigate the determinants of the global competitiveness of Chinese economy by considering economic development process of the Chinese economy and World Economic Forum the Global Competitiveness Index. It is vital to understand the determinants of global competitiveness for the Chinese economy in order to achieve sustainable economic development path in the highly competitive world economy conditions. The result of the study shows that the Chinese economy has strong global competitiveness indicators beside some problematic indicators. The Chinese economy is becoming more competitive by improving bottlenecks and structural problems. On the other hand the Chinese economy have to transform from cheap labour-intensive competitive advantage into high-tech innovative country with high qualified human capital in order to achieve sustainable economic growth in the long term.

Agriculture commodities play an important role in international market demand, one of which is tea. Geographical conditions and highlands in Indonesia are very suitable for tea plants, so it would increase its international competitiveness when it develops. This research aims to determine the effect of production, areas, price, exchange rate, and GDP on Indonesia’s tea exports. This research used quantitative data in a time series data of 60 samples from 2006-2020. Furthermore, this research used ARIMA to forecast with econometric aids Eviews 10. The results obtained include a positive and significant effect between production and export, and there is no effect on areas, price, the exchange rate, and GDP to exports. The forecasting results reveal that Indonesia’s tea exports will fall in the next year.

The study's purpose was to investigate through empirical research the moderating role of government in the relationship of porter diamond factor conditions attribute and firm’s performance in the automotive industry of Pakistan. The research methodology used positivism philosophy, a pilot study carried out to determine the reliability and validity of the instrument. The descriptive and inferential statistics constituted an integral part of statistical analysis. 194 samples selected through random sampling, a self-administered questionnaire was served to them, 166 responses received and studied. For moderation macro, PROCESS v3.0 (model 1) used to test the hypothesis. The findings of the study indicate the absence of such a study in the auto industry of Pakistan. Government policy influenced the firm’s performance in the automotive industry. Government policy did not play a moderating role in the relationship of porter diamond factor conditions determinant and firm’s performance. Theoretical implications reflect that the government's role as a moderator between the relationship of porter diamond factor conditions and the firm’s performance remained not significant. Practical implications indicate that government policy has influence over the firm’s performance, nonetheless, government policy’s mediating role between porter’s diamond factor conditions and firm’s performance have no effect. Moderation results provided a theoretical and practical context for academia, industry players, and policymakers

Agriculture commodities play an important role in international market demand, one of which is tea. Geographical conditions and highlands in Indonesia are very suitable for tea plants, so it would increase its international competitiveness when it develops. This research aims to determine the effect of production, areas, price, exchange rate, and GDP on Indonesia’s tea exports. This research used quantitative data in a time series data of 60 samples from 2006-2020. Furthermore, this research used ARIMA to forecast with econometric aids Eviews 10. The results obtained include a positive and significant effect between production and export, and there is no effect on areas, price, the exchange rate, and GDP to exports. The forecasting results reveal that Indonesia’s tea exports will fall in the next year.

The study's purpose was to investigate through empirical research the moderating role of government in the relationship of porter diamond factor conditions attribute and firm’s performance in the automotive industry of Pakistan. The research methodology used positivism philosophy, a pilot study carried out to determine the reliability and validity of the instrument. The descriptive and inferential statistics constituted an integral part of statistical analysis. 194 samples selected through random sampling, a self-administered questionnaire was served to them, 166 responses received and studied. For moderation macro, PROCESS v3.0 (model 1) used to test the hypothesis. The findings of the study indicate the absence of such a study in the auto industry of Pakistan. Government policy influenced the firm’s performance in the automotive industry. Government policy did not play a moderating role in the relationship of porter diamond factor conditions determinant and firm’s performance. Theoretical implications reflect that the government's role as a moderator between the relationship of porter diamond factor conditions and the firm’s performance remained not significant. Practical implications indicate that government policy has influence over the firm’s performance, nonetheless, government policy’s mediating role between porter’s diamond factor conditions and firm’s performance have no effect. Moderation results provided a theoretical and practical context for academia, industry players, and policymakers

The paper evaluates the competitiveness of Bangladesh Readymade Garments (RMG) sector in the global RMG market through Market share analysis using two-digit classifications of Harmonized System (HS)data for the period covering 2012 to 2016 to understand the actual condition of sector’s export comparison with its competitors. While Trade Entropy index has also been calculated to make an attempt to understand the geographical dispersion of export market scenario using two-digit classifications of HS data for the time period between 2006 and 2016. The findings of the paper based on market share analysis illustrate that Bangladesh’s RMG export share in the global market reached 7.50percentin 2016, a shot up by 2.73 percentage points, indicating an increase in export competitiveness, whereas China’s share declined to 33.75 percentin 2016, with an exception to 2013. During this period, Vietnam and India’s market share increased by 2.24, and 0.72 percentage points respectively, making them the 3rd and 6th largest RMG exporter in the world. Trade Entropyindex calculationindicates that the geographical diversification of Bangladesh’s RMG export has increased considering the value of the index, it has increased more than two times during this time period. But, in spite of increasing geographical diversification of the RMG sector market, itsexport is still heavily concentrated on two markets: the European UnionEU (28), and the United States of America (USA). The paper also provides a set of policyrecommendations that wouldbe helpful to both RMG sector stakeholders and policymakers to move forward the sector towards more export competitiveness.

The Chinese economy has reached approximately average annual growth of 9% after economic reform era that began in 1978. This economic development miracle resulted from by exploiting the economic potential of internal factors in a complimentary external environment.  Main aim of this study is to investigate the determinants of the global competitiveness of Chinese economy by considering economic development process of the Chinese economy and World Economic Forum the Global Competitiveness Index. It is vital to understand the determinants of global competitiveness for the Chinese economy in order to achieve sustainable economic development path in the highly competitive world economy conditions. The result of the study shows that the Chinese economy has strong global competitiveness indicators beside some problematic indicators. The Chinese economy is becoming more competitive by improving bottlenecks and structural problems. On the other hand the Chinese economy have to transform from cheap labour-intensive competitive advantage into high-tech innovative country with high qualified human capital in order to achieve sustainable economic growth in the long term.