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Prior studies in Bangladesh examined how several non-demographic factors influenced consumers' online buying behavior. However, no specific research has been conducted to examine an association between consumers' demographic factors and the online shopping behavior of Bangladeshi buyers. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the association between online shopping behavior and the demographic characteristics of Bangladeshi buyers. The association between six consumers' demographic variables, such as age, gender, income, education, occupation, and marital status, and online shopping behavior, proxied by the frequency of online shopping, was examined. Primary data through a structured questionnaire was collected from the 547 respondents in urban and rural areas of seven divisions in Bangladesh through offline and online surveys. The chi-square test was used to examine the association between consumers' demographic characteristics and online shopping behavior. The study found that male and married consumers with a higher level of education and higher-category jobs have a higher propensity to shop online. However, consumers' age and income level do not significantly impact their online shopping behavior. The study's outcomes are expected to provide online retailers and merchants with critical information about buyer behavior. Keywords: Association, online shopping behavior, demographic characteristics, chi-square test, Cramér’s V, e-commerce. JEL Classification: M31, M39, and L81

Along with the increasing demand for qualified skincare products these days, there are many companies in Indonesia that produce facial beauty products that emphasize a good image in the minds of the consumers and intensive promotion. This study was conducted to determine whether the promotion, product quality, and brand image affect the purchase decisions. The research was conducted using a survey method using a questionnaire to a sample of 200 respondents who used Wardah Cosmetics beauty products.  The sample was obtained by doing a purposive random sampling technique. The data analysis technique used in this research was using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using the AMOS program. The results of this study indicated that the promotion and the product quality had a significant effect on the brand image and brand image has a significant effect on purchasing decisions.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the source credibility of celebrity endorsers such as trustworthiness, expertise, and attractiveness) on brand attitudes and purchase intentions for endorsed brands. The type of sampling used is purposive sampling with a total of 300 respondents. The analytical method used is the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method using Smart PLS (Partial Least Square) software. This study finds that the trustworthiness, expertise, and attractiveness of a celebrity endorser have a positive and significant effect on brand attitude and purchase intention. This shows that the better the trustworthiness, expertise, and attractiveness of a celebrity endorser, the better the consumer's positive attitude towards the brand (brand credibility). Furthermore, the better the consumer's positive attitude towards the brand (brand credibility), the higher the purchase intention that arises from a consumer.

Technological developments and pandemic conditions that limit people's movement have triggered an increase in the use of online shopping platforms. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze in more depth the factors that increase online purchase intention. This study aims to analyze the effect of website quality on EWOM and the effect of EWOM and receiver perspective on consumer satisfaction and brand image. An analysis was also conducted on the influence of satisfaction and brand image on online purchase intention. This research is a quantitative study using primary data from distributing questionnaires to 250 online shopping platform consumers. The data in this study were then analyzed using the SEM (Structural Equation Model) method with AMOS 24 software. The results of this study indicate that website quality has a significant effect on EWOM. Furthermore, the receiver perspective and EWOM have a significant effect on consumer satisfaction and brand image. Consumer satisfaction and brand image have a significant effect on online purchase intention.

A high level of brand awareness and brand image enhances customers` favourable word-of-mouth referrals which in turn, strengthens their WTP a high price for a brand. Despite the increasing importance of brand awareness and brand image to customers` word-of-mouth referrals and their WTP a high price, there are limited studies on the mediated role of brand image in the influence of brand awareness on customers` word-of-mouth referrals and their WTP a high price, particularly in the herbal industry. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the mediated role of brand image in the impact of brand awareness on word-of-mouth referrals and WTP a high price in the herbal industry. Using a systematic sampling strategy, data were collected from 265 samples of customers in the Cape Coast herbal market. The research hypotheses were statistically tested via structural equation modelling with the help of smart PLS 3.3.3. The study establishes that the relationship between brand awareness, word-of-mouth and WTP a high price is partly attributed to the influence of brand image. Besides, the study found that word-of-mouth contributes partially to the influence of brand awareness and brand image on WTP a high price. The study confirmed that brand image is critical in developing brand awareness to strengthen customers` word-of-mouth referrals and their WTP a high price in the herbal industry.

This study examines the relationship between the perception of booking website quality, sales promotion, brand image, and repurchase intentions among local online Travel Agent Users, namely Traveloka, Tiket.com, and Pegipegi. The population in this study is consumers in big cities in Indonesia. This research is explanatory research with a quantitative approach which collects data by distributing questionnaires to 200 respondents. Data analysis used partial least squares (SEM-PLS). The results showed that the perception of booking website quality and sales promotion significantly affected repurchase intention. Likewise, a brand image had a significant effect on repurchase intention. The results of this study also show that brand image partially mediates the effect of the perception of booking website quality and sales promotion on repurchase intention. The results of this study suggest that online travel agency companies can improve the quality of the web provided and continue to innovate in providing various services and promotions. By improving the company's brand image, it will be capable of influencing users' personality to continue to have the repurchase intention.

Coffee is currently a part of people's lifestyles, so the coffee shop is one of the most promising businesses, especially among teenagers. This study uses product quality, reference group and convenience as exogenous variables that influence customers' repurchase intentions, with satisfaction as a mediation. The respondents in this study were millennial customers (Generations Z and Y) who buy Janji Jiwa brand coffee in the city of Surabaya, the determination of the number of samples in this study used a purposive sampling technique with a sample of 150 respondents. The method of collecting data is using a questionnaire; the data is analyzed using PLS-SEM. The results showed that product quality, reference group and convenience significantly affected customers' repurchase intentions. The product quality, reference group and convenience had a significant effect on satisfaction; satisfaction had a significant effect on repurchase intentions. Satisfaction can partially mediate the relationship between product quality, reference group, and convenience to customers' repurchase intentions.

A high level of brand awareness and brand image enhances customers` favourable word-of-mouth referrals which in turn, strengthens their WTP a high price for a brand. Despite the increasing importance of brand awareness and brand image to customers` word-of-mouth referrals and their WTP a high price, there are limited studies on the mediated role of brand image in the influence of brand awareness on customers` word-of-mouth referrals and their WTP a high price, particularly in the herbal industry. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the mediated role of brand image in the impact of brand awareness on word-of-mouth referrals and WTP a high price in the herbal industry. Using a systematic sampling strategy, data were collected from 265 samples of customers in the Cape Coast herbal market. The research hypotheses were statistically tested via structural equation modelling with the help of smart PLS 3.3.3. The study establishes that the relationship between brand awareness, word-of-mouth and WTP a high price is partly attributed to the influence of brand image. Besides, the study found that word-of-mouth contributes partially to the influence of brand awareness and brand image on WTP a high price. The study confirmed that brand image is critical in developing brand awareness to strengthen customers` word-of-mouth referrals and their WTP a high price in the herbal industry.

Prior studies in Bangladesh examined how several non-demographic factors influenced consumers' online buying behavior. However, no specific research has been conducted to examine an association between consumers' demographic factors and the online shopping behavior of Bangladeshi buyers. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the association between online shopping behavior and the demographic characteristics of Bangladeshi buyers. The association between six consumers' demographic variables, such as age, gender, income, education, occupation, and marital status, and online shopping behavior, proxied by the frequency of online shopping, was examined. Primary data through a structured questionnaire was collected from the 547 respondents in urban and rural areas of seven divisions in Bangladesh through offline and online surveys. The chi-square test was used to examine the association between consumers' demographic characteristics and online shopping behavior. The study found that male and married consumers with a higher level of education and higher-category jobs have a higher propensity to shop online. However, consumers' age and income level do not significantly impact their online shopping behavior. The study's outcomes are expected to provide online retailers and merchants with critical information about buyer behavior. Keywords: Association, online shopping behavior, demographic characteristics, chi-square test, Cramér’s V, e-commerce. JEL Classification: M31, M39, and L81

Along with the increasing demand for qualified skincare products these days, there are many companies in Indonesia that produce facial beauty products that emphasize a good image in the minds of the consumers and intensive promotion. This study was conducted to determine whether the promotion, product quality, and brand image affect the purchase decisions. The research was conducted using a survey method using a questionnaire to a sample of 200 respondents who used Wardah Cosmetics beauty products.  The sample was obtained by doing a purposive random sampling technique. The data analysis technique used in this research was using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using the AMOS program. The results of this study indicated that the promotion and the product quality had a significant effect on the brand image and brand image has a significant effect on purchasing decisions.