Influence of idealized influence on employee engagement in parastatals in the energy sector in Kenya
Doris Change · Teresia Kavoo Linge · Damary Sikalieh
International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science · 2019 · Vol. 8 / Issue 5 · 123-135
Publication metrics
External links open provider records or DOI searches. Provider counts are not combined. Mendeley readership measures saves, not citations.
Dimensions
Live provider badge. If unavailable, use the Dimensions link above.
Observed 21 Oct 2026, 07:22 UTC
Observed 21 Oct 2026 00:49 UTC
OpenAlex and Mendeley observations refresh on article visits, at most once per 24 hours. Unavailable data is not zero. Google Scholar opens a DOI search.
Citations received by this article, grouped by the year of the citing work. Crossref and OpenAlex lifetime totals remain separate in Publication metrics.
2017–2026 Annual history last updated:
Citations received
OpenAlex · year of the citing work
Hover over a year or focus the chart and use arrow keys to inspect values.
2017–2026 annual-history window. 2026 is year to date. Unknown years have gaps.
View data & coverage
2026 is incomplete. Within a successfully fetched ten-year window, omitted years mean zero. Years beyond a saved observation’s window remain unknown (—). Older citations are excluded, so this chart’s sum may differ from the OpenAlex lifetime total. The date above belongs to this annual history; an unsuccessful refresh keeps the previous observation.
Abstract
Parastatals continue to experience difficulties in trying to achieve employee engagement. Consequently, governments have transitioned to the transformational leadership style to effectively achieve employee engagement. Nevertheless, it is still ambiguous whether the institution of transformational leadership style dimensions has boosted employee engagement levels in parastatals in Kenya. The objective of the study was to investigate the influence of idealized influence on employee engagement in parastatals in the energy sector in Kenya. Also, the study sought to determine the moderating influence of employee motivation on the relationship between idealized influence and employee engagement. This study targeted the 10 parastatals within the energy sector in Kenya with a population of 315 middle-level managers. The study adopted a positivist research philosophy to examine how idealized influence influences employee engagement and data were collected using structured questionnaires. A correlational research design was conducted with the purpose of determining the strength of the relationship between parameters of idealized influence and employee engagement in parastatals in the energy sector in Kenya. The findings showed that employee engagement has a statistical significant relationship with charisma, r(166) = 0.590, p < 0.01; ethical leadership, r(165) = 0.553, p < 0.01; teamwork, r(166) = 0.531, p < 0.01. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that employee motivation positively and significantly moderates the relationship between idealized influence and employee engagement, R2= 0.405, F(2, 159) = 54.100, p <0.05, ? = 0.225, p < 0.05. The study concluded that charisma, ethical leadership, teamwork, and employee motivation positively enhance employee engagement.
Keywords: {'name': 'Idealized Influence'}, {'name': 'Employee Engagement'}, {'name': 'Kenya'}, {'name': 'Parastatals'}
Authors & affiliations
Doris Change
Affiliation not supplied
Teresia Kavoo Linge
Affiliation not supplied
Damary Sikalieh
Affiliation not supplied
Deposited references
Supplied references, not a list of publications citing this article.
Abbas, G., Iqbal, J., Waheed, A. & Riaz, M. N. (2012). Relationship between transformational leadership style and innovative work behavior in educational institutions. Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 22(3).
Afande, F. O. (2015). Factors Affecting Levels of Customer Satisfaction in Government Parastatals in Kenya (A Case of Kenya Power). Journal of Marketing and Consumer Research, 9.
Agarwal, S. & Adjirackor, T. (2016). Impact of Teamwork on Organizational Productivity in some selected Basic Schools in the Accra Metropolitan Assemebly. European Journal of Business Economics and Accountancy, 4(6).
Alvi, A. K., Kahn, M. A., Ahmed, A. A. & Zulfiqar, M. (2014). A study of Employee Compensation and Employee Job Engagement on banks of Lahore, Pakistan. Science International (Lahore), 26(5), 2411-2414.
DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.03.222
Aon- Hewitt (2012). Trends in Global Employee Engagement. Retrieved from www.aon.com
Aon-Hewitt (2017). How is Global Uncertainty Impacting Employee Engagement Levels? Retrieved from www.aon.com
DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2016.1244893
Avolio, B. J., & Bass, B. M. (2004). Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. Manual and Sampler Set (3rd ed.). Redwood City, CA: Mindgarden
DOI: 10.1108/IJCMA-04-2016-0020
Ayacko, G. O., K’Aol, G. O & Linge, T. K. (2017). How Organization Structure Moderates the Influence of Individualized Consideration of Judicial Officers on the Performance of Judicial Staff in Kenya. International Journal of Human resource and Leadership, 2(3).
Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership performance beyond expectations. Academic Press, New York.
DOI: 10.4324/9781410617095
Bass, B. M., & Bass, R. (2008). The Bass handbook of leadership: Theory, research, and managerial applications. New York: Free Press.
Batista-Taran, L. C., Shuck, M. B., Gutierrez, C. C., & Baralt, S. (2013). The role of leadership style in employee engagement. In M. S. Plakhotnik, S. M. Nielsen, & D. M. Pane (Eds.), Proceedings of the Eighth Annual College of Education & GSN Research Conference (pp. 15-20). Miami: Florida International University. http://coeweb.fiu.edu/research_conference/
Bundi, S. M., Lewa, P. & Ndwiga, M. (2015). Managers in State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) in Kenya. European Journal of Business and Management ,7(36).
Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. New York: Harper and Row.
DOI: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000001108
Carucci, R. (2016). Why ethical people make unethical choices. Havard Business Review, December.
DOI: 10.1007/s10551-014-2126-7
Conger, J. A. (2014). Charismatic leadership in organizations. Thousand Oaks, California. Sage Publications.
Dabas, D. & Pandey, N. (2015). Role of Self Efficacy and Intrinsic Motivation on Work Place Environment. International Journal of Education and Psychological Research, 4(1).
Dajani, M. A. Z. (2015). The Impact of Employee Engagement on Job Performance and Organisational Commitment in the Egyptian Banking Sector. Journal of Business and Management Sciences, 3(5).
DOI: 10.1177/030630701504100103
Datche, E. & Gachunga, H. (2015). Effects of Transformational Leadership on Employee Engagement: The Mediating Role of Employee Engagement. International Journal of Management, 6(2).
Datche, E. A. & Mukulu, E. (2015). The effects of transformational leadership on employee engagement: A survey of the civil service in Kenya. Issues in Business Management and Economics, 3(1).
DOI: 10.1007/s10551-012-1296-4
Egheosasa, D. O. O., Ugbo, P. O. & Nkenne, C. O. (2018). Effects of Transformational Leadership Style on Job Satisfaction Among Employees of Bosso and Minna Area Offices of Abuja Electricity Distribution Company PLC Nigeria. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Review, 8(2).
DOI: 10.4102/sajip.v40i1.1210
DOI: 10.1097/HMR.0000000000000090
DOI: 10.4102/sajip.v40i1.1112
DOI: 10.1108/JMP-09-2013-0318
Fragouli, E. (2018). The dark-side of charisma and charismatic leadership. The Business and Management Review, 9(4).
Gabbar, H. A., Honarmand N. & Abdelsalam A. A. (2014). Transformational leadershipand its impact on governance and development in African nations: Ananalytical approach. Journal of Entrepreneurship & Organization Management, 3(121).
Ganta, V. C. (2014). Motivation in the Workplace to Improve the Employee Performance. International Journal of Engineering Technology, Management and Applied Sciences, 2(6).
Gallup study (2015). Employee Engagement in U.S. Stagnant. Retrieved from https://news.gallup.com/poll/188144/employee-engagement-stagnant-2015.aspx
Gerst R. (2013). Understanding Employee Engagement and Trust; The New Math of Engagement Surveys’, The Journal for Quality and Participation, 32-36.
Gomes, A. R. (2014). Transformational leadership: Theory, Research, and Application to Sports.
Government of Kenya (2013). Executive Office of the President. Report of the Presidential Taskforce on Parastatal Reforms. Nairobi: Government Printer.
DOI: 10.5539/ibr.v7n9p108
DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2017.1372339
DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-25
DOI: 10.22543/0733.111.1199
Hughes, Tawney A., (2014). Idealized, Inspirational, and Intellectual Leaders in the Social Sector: Transformational Leadership and the Kravis Prize, CMC Senior Theses. Paper 906.http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/906
Iqbal, T., Khan, K. & Iqbal, N. (2012) Job stress and employee engagement. European Journal of Social Sciences, 28(1): 109–118.
DOI: 10.4172/2375-4389.1000203
DOI: 10.5539/ijbm.v11n1p72
DOI: 10.5430/ijba.v9n2p93
DOI: 10.1177/0275074017699470
Jerobon, T., Kimutai, G. & Kibet, Y. (2016). Evaluation of Effects of Transformational Leadership and Employee Performance a Survey of Nandi County Government. Journal of Business and Management, 18(11).
DOI: 10.22610/jebs.v4i7.343
DOI: 10.2307/256287
DOI: 10.18178/joebm.2016.4.4.414
DOI: 10.47941/hrlj.208
Latif, M. (2016). The Impact of Charismatic Leadership on The Organization. Journal of Islam and Science, 3(2).
Lee, C. & Hidayat, N. (2018). The Influence of Transformational Leadership and Intrinsic Motivation to Employee Performance. Advances in Management and Applied Economics, 8(2).
DOI: 10.4102/sajip.v39i1.1090
DOI: 10.21608/mfth.2017.26100
DOI: 10.1177/1059601116681127
Mansor, Z. D., Mun, C. P., Farhana, B. S. & Tarmizi, W. A. N. (2017). Influence of Transformation Leadership Style on Employee Engagement among Generation Y. International Journal of Economics and Management Engineering, 11(1).
Mark, C. (2012), Workplace Wrangler-Employees (Engaged or Disengaged) Make or Break Your Business. Available from: http:// www.blog.seattlepi.com/workplacewrangler/2012/10/19/employees- engaged-or-disengaged make-or-break-your-business.
DOI: 10.22610/jebs.v6i6.510
Mathews, R. & McLees, J. (2015). Building Effective Projects Teams and Teamwork. Journal of Information Technology & Economic Development, 6(2).
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2011.07.002
Mbithi, A. M., K’Obonyo, P.O. & Awino, Z. B. (2016). Transformational Leadership, Employee Outcomes and Performance of Universities in Kenya. 2ND DBA-AMR International Conference, Conference proceedings, School of Business, University of Nairobi.
McCleskey, J. A. (2014). Situational, transformational, and transactional leadership and leadership development. Journal of Business Studies Quarterly, 5(4), 117.
DOI: 10.4102/sajhrm.v11i1.483
DOI: 10.9790/0837-1526467
Miring’u, A. & Muoria, E. (2011). An analysis of the effect of Corporate Governance on performance of Commercial State Corporations in Kenya. International Journal of Business and Public Management, 1, 36-41.
DOI: 10.1353/jda.2016.0127
DOI: 10.1108/01437731211265241
DOI: 10.47941/hrlj.207
Mutangili, S. K. (2019). Corruption in Public Procurement in Kenya: Causes, Consequences, Challenges and Cures. Journal of Procurement & Supply Chain, 3(1), 63 - 72. Retrieved from https://stratfordjournals.org/journals/index.php/journal-of-procurement-supply/article/view/254.
DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n3p175
Ngaithe, L., K’Aol, G., Lewa, P. & Ndwiga, M. (2016). Effect of Idealized Influence and Inspirational Motivation on Staff Performance in State Owned Enterprises in Kenya. European Journal of Business and Management, 8(30).
Nguwi, M. (2011). Work Engagement Trends in Zimbabwe. Financial Gazette http://allafrica.com/stories/201012220113.html Accessed 5 February 2016.
Northouse, P. G. (2015). Leadership: Theory and Practice. Thousand Oaks. Sage Publications.
DOI: 10.61426/sjbcm.v5i4.888
DOI: 10.11634/216796061706212
DOI: 10.5296/ijhrs.v6i2.9427
DOI: 10.1177/0972150916645701
DOI: 10.1177/1467358415613393
Ravikumar, T. (2013). A study on Impact of Team Work, Work Culture, Leadership and Compensation on Engagement Level of Employees in SMEs in India. International Journal of Advanced Research in Management and Social Sciences, 2(8).
DOI: 10.15226/2577-7815/1/2/00104
DOI: 10.1108/JMP-08-2016-0235
DOI: 10.1177/1548051814561028
Sajuyigbe, A. S., Olaoye, B. O. & Adeyimi, M. A. (2013). Impact of Reward on Employees Performance in Selected Manufacturing Companies in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. International Journal of Arts and Commerce, 2(2).
DOI: 10.21632/irjbs.8.2.107-122
Saumya, M. & Ritu, S. (2015). Impact of Effective Leadership on Employee Engagement. International Journal of Education and Management Studies, 5(2).
Shahzadi, I., Javed, A., Pirzada, S. S., Nasreen, S. & Khanam, F. (2014). Impact of Employee Motivation on Employee Performance. European Journal of Business Management ,6(23).
DOI: 10.1177/1534484312438211
Soane, E. (2014). Leadership and Employee Engagement. Employee Engagement in Theory and Practice, 149-162.
Sparks, G. A. (2014). Charismatic leadership: Findings of an exploratory investigation of the techniques of influence. Journal of Behavioral Studies in Business, vol. 7.
DOI: 10.1108/JMD-01-2012-0003
Tamunomiebi, M. D., & Orianzi, R. (2019). Ethical Leadership: Implications for Organizational Reputation. The Strategic Journal of Business and Management, 6(1).
Tarhan, O. & Ahmet, M. A. (2015). Exploring the Relationship between Ethical Leadership and Job Satisfaction with the Mediating Role of the Level of Loyalty to Supervisor. Business and Economics Research Journal, 6(4).
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.765
Thisera, T. J. R. & Sewwandi, E. P I. (2019). Transformational Leadership and Employee Engagement in Hospitality Sector in Sri Lanka. Global Journal of Management and Business Research, 1(12).
DOI: 10.4324/9780203076965
DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-0597.2011.00454.x
DOI: 10.1111/beer.12065
Wachira, J. M. (2013). Relationship between employee engagement and commitiment in Barclays Bank of Kenya. Unpublished Masters Theses UoN.
Wagude, J., Rambo, C., Ndiritu, A. & Onyango, M. (2015). Influence of Idealized Behavior on The Implementation of CDF Construction Projects in Public Secondary Schools in Kisumu County, Kenya. European Scientific Journal, 11(22).
DOI: 10.1108/14777261311321815
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01881
Zincirkiran, M., Emhan, A. & Yasar, M. F. (2015). Analysis of Teamwork, Organizational Commitment and Organizational Performance: A Study of Health Sector in Turkey. Asian Journal of Business and Management.