CiteNScope — Scholarly Index & Analytics
Discover / IJRBSPUBLICATION RECORD

Enhancing sustainability of donor funded livelihood projects in Kilifi County through effective monitoring and evaluation

Cornel Likale Ndombi ORCID ↗ · Dorothy Ndunge Kyalo ORCID ↗ · Angeline Sabina Mulwa ORCID ↗

International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science · 2020 · Vol. 9 / Issue 6 · 168-182

Research reach

Publication metrics

External links open provider records or DOI searches. Provider counts are not combined. Mendeley readership measures saves, not citations.

Dimensions

Live provider badge. If unavailable, use the Dimensions link above.

CROSSREF CITATIONS1

Observed 21 Oct 2026, 07:22 UTC

OpenAlex · Citations3Cached provider observation

Observed 22 Oct 2026 01:28 UTC

Mendeley · Readers32Cached provider observation

Observed 21 Oct 2026 22:05 UTC

OpenAlex and Mendeley observations refresh on article visits, at most once per 24 hours. Unavailable data is not zero. Google Scholar opens a DOI search.

OpenAlex / Citation year

Annual citations to this article

View provider totals ↑

Citations received by this article, grouped by the year of the citing work. Crossref and OpenAlex lifetime totals remain separate in Publication metrics.

2017–2026 Annual history last updated:

Citations received

OpenAlex · year of the citing work

OpenAlex

Hover over a year or focus the chart and use arrow keys to inspect values.

2017–2026 annual-history window. 2026 is year to date. Unknown years have gaps.

View data & coverage

2026 is incomplete. Within a successfully fetched ten-year window, omitted years mean zero. Years beyond a saved observation’s window remain unknown (—). Older citations are excluded, so this chart’s sum may differ from the OpenAlex lifetime total. The date above belongs to this annual history; an unsuccessful refresh keeps the previous observation.

Overview

Abstract

Benefactor organizations have greatly funded livelihood projects and programs in Kilifi County. However, these projects grapple with sustainability. Some halt operations instantaneously the funding is withdrawn. The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of monitoring and evaluation (participation; tools; and timing and frequency) on the sustainability of donor-funded livelihood projects in Kilifi County, Kenya. The descriptive correlational research design was used with a sample of 170 from a population of 295 from three livelihood projects. Seven interviews and three focus group discussions were carried out. Standard deviations, standard error of means, arithmetic means, Pearson’s Product moment correlation, and linear regression were used. The perception of sustainability did not differ significantly with projects, gender, age, and marital status. However, perception differed based on the highest level of education and duration in the project. H0, r=0.458, p=0.000389<0.05 was rejected and concluded that monitoring and evaluation significantly influenced the sustainability of donor-funded livelihood projects. Participation in M&E and (p=0.000), frequency, and timing (p=0.024) had a significant while tools used in M&E (p=0.459) did have a significant influence on sustainability. This implies that corporate and individual knowledge of the project objectives, targets, and means of measuring project results were still critical in ensuring sustainability is attained. Simple templates of the logical framework should be used for the farmers to understand how inputs are converted into activities, outputs, outcomes, and goals. It is implied that the farmers had little knowledge of Likert items denoting tools in M&E. Therefore, simple and direct Likert items need to be chosen.

Keywords: {'name': 'participatory monitoring and evaluation, project exit strategy, donor funded livelihood projects'}

Authors & affiliations

Cornel Likale Ndombi
Affiliation not supplied

Dorothy Ndunge Kyalo
Affiliation not supplied

Angeline Sabina Mulwa
Affiliation not supplied

Deposited references

Supplied references, not a list of publications citing this article.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijproman.2016.11.006

Béné, C., Frankenberger, T., & Nelson, S. (2015). Design, monitoring and evaluation of resilience interventions: conceptual and empirical considerations. https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/20.500.12413/6556

DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2015.05.003

DOI: 10.1007/s10488-012-0461-5

Bordens, K. S., & Abbott, B. B. (2011). Research Design and Methods: A Process Approach (8th ed.). Mountain View, CA: Mayfield

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijproman.2017.02.018

DOI: 10.1080/10042857.2013.777198

DOI: 10.1166/asl.2015.5841

Connell, J. P., & Kubisch, A. C. (1998). Applying a theory of change approach to the evaluation of comprehensive community initiatives: progress, prospects, and problems. New approaches to evaluating community initiatives, 2(15-44), 1-16.

DOI: 10.1016/S0263-7863(02)00060-1

DOI: 10.1002/j.1556-6676.2013.00085.x

Ferris, S., Robbins, P., Best, R., Seville, D., Buxton, A., Shriver, J., & Wei, E. (2014). Linking smallholder farmers to markets and the implications for extension and advisory services. MEAS Brief, 4(10), 13-14.

DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511815768

Gardner, A., Greenblott, K., & Joubert, E. (2005). What we know about exit strategies: practical guidance for developing exit strategies in the field. Lusaka, Zambia.

Guide, A. (2001). Project management body of knowledge (pmbok® guide). In Project Management Institute.

Gwadoya, R. A. (2012). Factors influencing effective implementation of monitoring and evaluation practices in donor funded projects in Kenya: a case of Turkana District (Masters dissertation). Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya

Harrison, P. (2005). A socio-economic assessment of sustainable livelihood opportunities for communities of Kuruwitu and Vipingo, Kilifi District, Kenya.

DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000411

DOI: 10.1177/1086026614535786

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijproman.2011.03.005

DOI: 10.1002/j.2051-5545.2010.tb00289.x

Kamau, C. G., & Mohamed, H. B. (2014). Efficacy of Monitoring and Evaluation Function in Achieving Project Success in Kenya: A Survey of County Government’s Projects. http://www.managementjournal.info

Karanja G.M. (2014). Influence of management practices on sustainability of youth income generating projects in Kangema District, Murang’a County, Kenya. International Journal of Education and Research 2 (2) 1-12

Kimweli, J. M. (2013). The Role of Monitoring and Evaluation Practices to the Success of Donor Funded Food Security Intervention Projects A Case Study Of Kibwezi District. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 3(6), 9.

DOI: 10.1108/sd.2012.05628gaa.012

Kisengese, R. N. (2012). Factors influencing implementation of agricultural projects in Kilifi county, Kenya (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi, Kenya).

Lantz, B. (2013). Equidistance of Likert-type scales and validation of inferential methods using experiments and simulations. The Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 11(1), 16-28. www.ejbrm.com

DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.05.006

Magondu, A. (2013). Factors Influencing Implementation Of Monitoring And Evaluation In Hiv Research Projects, A Case Of Kenya Aids Vaccine Initiative (Kavi) (Masters dissertation). University of Nairobi, Kenya.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.03.020

DOI: 10.1177/0899764013494117

Mwamuye, M. K. (2014). Poverty definition‟ and its contribution to projects failure in Kilifi County, Kenya. Global Journal of Politics and Law Research, 2(2), 27-38.

Nyandika, O. F., & Ngugi, K. (2014). Influence of Stakeholders' Participation on Performance of Road Projects at Kenya National Highways Authority. European Journal of Business Management, 1(11), 384-404.

Ochieng, M. F., & Tubey, D. (2013). Effectiveness of Monitoring and Evaluation of CDF Projects in Kenya: A case of Ainamoi Constituency. International Journal of Arts and Commerce.

O'Connor, A. (1995). Evaluating Comprehensive Community Initiatives: A View from History. In New Approaches to Evaluating Community Initiatives: Concepts, Methods, and Contexts, ed. James Connell et al. Washington, DC: Aspen Institute.

Oino, P. G., Towett, G., Kirui, K. K., & Luvega, C. (2015). The dilemma in sustainability of community-based projects in Kenya. Global journal of advanced research, 2.

Okoth, J. A. (2012). Factors influencing sustainability of community-based projects: the case of Arid Lands Resource Management Project II in Ganze constituency. Kilifi County, Kenya

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijproman.2009.11.002

DOI: 10.1002/bse.538

PMI Standards Committee, (2004). A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge, 3rd ed; Project Management Institute (PMI): Pennsylvania, PA, USA; pp. 81–86.

DOI: 10.3152/030234210X496628

DOI: 10.4102/aej.v1i1.25

Rogers, B., & Macias, K. (2004). Program graduation and exit strategies: a focus on title II food aid development programs. Washington, DC: FANTA Project, AED.

DOI: 10.4236/jhrss.2014.22005

DOI: 10.1007/BF03403795

Singh, A.S.; Masuku, M.B. (2014). Sampling techniques & determination of sample size in applied statistics research: An overview. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 2, 1–22.

DOI: 10.1080/09614524.2014.944485

DOI: 10.1023/A:1006188725928

Stead, W. E., & Stead, J. G. (1996). Management for a small planet. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. https://books.google.co.ke/

Stevens, M. R., & Mody, A. Z. (2013). Sustainability Plans in British Columbia: Instruments of Change or Token Gestures? Canadian Journal of Urban Research, 22(1), 46-71. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26193937

DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2013.03.007

DOI: 10.1186/2048-7010-2-9

Weiss, Carol Hirschon. 1972. Evaluation Research: Methods of Assessing Program Effectiveness. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.CH.2015.01.en

DOI: 10.1057/ejdr.2010.42