CiteNScope — Scholarly Index & Analytics
Discover / IJRBSPUBLICATION RECORD

The impact of external funding flow on Jordan’s GDP (1997-2017)

Ahmad Mashal · Emad Ahmad ORCID ↗ · Lama Nasrawi · Anas Ghazalat ORCID ↗

International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science · 2021 · Vol. 10 / Issue 3 · 328-337

Research reach

Publication metrics

External links open provider records or DOI searches. Provider counts are not combined. Mendeley readership measures saves, not citations.

Dimensions

Live provider badge. If unavailable, use the Dimensions link above.

CROSSREF CITATIONS0

Observed 21 Oct 2026, 07:22 UTC

OpenAlex · Citations1Cached provider observation

Observed 21 Oct 2026 00:49 UTC

Mendeley · Readers—No verified count available

OpenAlex and Mendeley observations refresh on article visits, at most once per 24 hours. Unavailable data is not zero. Google Scholar opens a DOI search.

OpenAlex / Citation year

Annual citations to this article

View provider totals ↑

Citations received by this article, grouped by the year of the citing work. Crossref and OpenAlex lifetime totals remain separate in Publication metrics.

2017–2026 Annual history last updated:

Citations received

OpenAlex · year of the citing work

OpenAlex

Hover over a year or focus the chart and use arrow keys to inspect values.

2017–2026 annual-history window. 2026 is year to date. Unknown years have gaps.

View data & coverage

2026 is incomplete. Within a successfully fetched ten-year window, omitted years mean zero. Years beyond a saved observation’s window remain unknown (—). Older citations are excluded, so this chart’s sum may differ from the OpenAlex lifetime total. The date above belongs to this annual history; an unsuccessful refresh keeps the previous observation.

Overview

Abstract

The main objective of this study is to investigate the impact of external funding flow on Jordan’s GDP (1997 – 2017) focusing on variables such as; grants (GR), soft loans (LN), foreign direct investment (FDI), and the Jordanian migrant worker's remittances (JMWR) on Jordan's GDP which represent the dependent variable through using the E -Views statistical program and multiple regressions analysis. Previous studies showed the significant and non-significant impacts of the flow of external funding on the economy. In this study the researchers analyzed the impact of external funding flow on Jordan's GDP for the period (1997-2017) and found that grants (GR) and foreign direct investment (FDI) have a statistically significant impact on Jordan's GDP; in contrast, soft loans (LN) and the Jordanian migrant’s worker’s remittances (JMWR) have no statistically significant impact on Jordan's GDP for the same period. This study filled the gap and expanded the analysis to test whether there is an impact of grants independently of the soft loans on Jordan’s GDP and vice versa, in addition, the study investigated the impact of other variables such as; foreign direct investment (FDI), and the Jordanian migrant worker's remittances (JMWR).  

Keywords: {'name': 'External Funding, Grants, Soft loans, Foreign Direct Investment, The Jordanian Migrant’s Worker’s Remittances, Migrant’s Worker’s Remittances, GDP '}

Authors & affiliations

Ahmad Mashal
Affiliation not supplied

Emad Ahmad
Affiliation not supplied

Lama Nasrawi
Affiliation not supplied

Anas Ghazalat
Affiliation not supplied

Deposited references

Supplied references, not a list of publications citing this article.

Acquah, J. (2013), Impact of foreign direct investment on domestic investment: evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa, published thesis, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology.

Ali, H. (2013), Foreign aid and economic growth in Egypt: a cointegration Analysis, International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 3 (3): 743-751.

DOI: 10.3844/jssp.2008.16.20

Amadeo, K. (2019), Components of GDP explained, Available at: https://www.thebalance.com/components-of-gdp-explanation-formula-and-chart-3306015, (Accessed: 1 November 2019).

DOI: 10.4135/9781412983808

Fawwaz, T. (2016). foreign direct investment and economic growth in Jordan (2000- 2013), Journal of social sciences, Jordan university, 1 (43): 617-627.

Glen, S. (2016), Unit Root: Simple Definition, Unit Root Tests, Available at: https://www.statisticshowto.datasciencecentral.com/unit-root/, (Accessed: 20 December 2019).

Husein, J. (2018), Foreign aid, workers’ remittances and economic growth in Jordan, published thesis, Angelo State University.

Idris, I. (2016), Economic situation in Jordan, University of Birmingham: (K4D) knowledge, evidence and learning for development.

Johnson,A & Martin,M. (2004), Key analytical issues for government external financing, second edition, London: Debt relief international Ltd.

Jordan Investment Commission. (2017), General information about Jordan investment commission, Available at:https://jordan.gov.jo/wps/portal/Home/GovernmentEntities/Agencies/Agency/Jordan

%20Investment%20Commission?nameEntity=Jordan%20Investment%20Commission&entityType=otherEntity&lang=en&isFromLangChange=yes, (Accessed: 14 June 2019)

Kabete, C. (2008), Foreign Aid and Economic Growth: The Case of Tanzania, published thesis, Institute of social studies.

DOI: 10.1108/IJSE-08-2013-0189

Kundu, et al., (2012). Workers’ Remittances Impact on the Economic Growth: Evidence from Capital Inflows in Bangladesh, the Jahangir agar Journal of Business Studies, 2 (1): 153 – 167.

Maingi, K. (2014), the effect of foreign direct investment on economic growth in Kenya, published thesis, University of Nairobi.

DOI: 10.1016/S2212-5671(13)00211-6

Ministry of finance. (2018), Draft General Budget for 2018, Available at: http://www.gbd.gov.jo/GBD/en/Budget/Index/general-budget-law, (Accessed: 10 December 2018).

Ministry of Labor (2017), Annual report of 2017, Jordan: Ministry of labor.

Ministry of planning and International Corporation. (2019), Foreign aid reports, Available at: http://www.mop.gov.jo/DetailsPage/PartAr.aspx?CourseID=10, (Accessed: 4 March 2019).

Mladen, M. (2015). Economic growth and development, (JPMNT) Journal of Process Management – New Technologies, International, 3 (1), 55 – 61

Paul, R. (2017), Multicollinearity: Causes, effects and remedies, Library Avenue, New Delhi.

Raza et al. (2011), Capital inflows and Economic growth in Pakistan, published thesis, Iqra University.

DOI: 10.20491/isader.2014215950

The Central Bank of Jordan (2017), Annual Report 2017, Available at: http://www.cbj.gov.jo/EchoBusV3.0/SystemAssets/5c395f60-ea7f-4da5-8897-d046f33b75f4.pdf, (Accessed: 15 March 2019).

DOI: 10.5089/9781498328975.007

The International Organization for Migration -IOM. (2009), IOM and Remittances 2009, Geneva, Switzerland: International Organization for Migration.

The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development - OECD. 2012 , Official development assistance – definition and coverage, Available at: https://www.oecd.org/dac/stats/officialdevelopmentassistancedefinitionandcoverage.htm (Accessed: 30 June 2019).

The World Bank. (2018), Overview – The world bank in Jordan, Available at: https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/jordan/overview, (Accessed: 2 November 2019).

DOI: 10.12816/0020188

Ulfah, R. (2015), Understanding the Prevalent Use of GDP as an Indicator of Development Progress, Available at: http://edepot.wur.nl/337084 , (Accessed: 12 December 2018).

United Nations. (2005), Definition of Personal Remittances in the Balance of Payments Context in Jordan, the IMF Committee on Balance of Payments Statistics, Washington, D.C.