Demographic factors and turnover intentions of teachers in public secondary schools in Kenya
Onesmus Kamau ORCID ↗ · Stephen Muathe · Lawrence Wainaina
International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science · 2021 · Vol. 10 / Issue 4 · 363-374
Publication metrics
External links open provider records or DOI searches. Provider counts are not combined. Mendeley readership measures saves, not citations.
Dimensions
Live provider badge. If unavailable, use the Dimensions link above.
Observed 21 Oct 2026, 07:22 UTC
Observed 21 Oct 2026 00:49 UTC
OpenAlex and Mendeley observations refresh on article visits, at most once per 24 hours. Unavailable data is not zero. Google Scholar opens a DOI search.
Citations received by this article, grouped by the year of the citing work. Crossref and OpenAlex lifetime totals remain separate in Publication metrics.
2017–2026 Annual history last updated:
Citations received
OpenAlex · year of the citing work
Hover over a year or focus the chart and use arrow keys to inspect values.
2017–2026 annual-history window. 2026 is year to date. Unknown years have gaps.
View data & coverage
2026 is incomplete. Within a successfully fetched ten-year window, omitted years mean zero. Years beyond a saved observation’s window remain unknown (—). Older citations are excluded, so this chart’s sum may differ from the OpenAlex lifetime total. The date above belongs to this annual history; an unsuccessful refresh keeps the previous observation.
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effect of demographic factors on the turnover intentions of teachers in public secondary schools in Murang’a county Kenya. The study was guided by the following specific objectives: To investigate the association between age and education and turnover intentions; to establish the association between gender and turnover intentions; to determine the association between tenure and turnover intentions and to establish the association between educational level and turnover intentions. The study was guided by the Social exchange and Organization equilibrium theories. This study was a cross-sectional study and adopted descriptive and explanatory research designs. The target population was 3752 Teachers Service Commission (TSC) teachers in 304 public secondary schools in Murang’a county Kenya. The study thus used multi-stage random to select a sample size of 400 teachers and 40 schools. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the demographic data. Data were analyzed using cross-tabulation and Pearson Chi-square statistics. The study findings indicated that age has a significant association with turnover intentions while employee tenure, gender, and educational level have no significant association with turnover intentions.
Keywords: {'name': 'Demographic factors, teachers, turnover intentions, public secondary schools, Kenya'}
Authors & affiliations
Onesmus Kamau
Affiliation not supplied
Stephen Muathe
Affiliation not supplied
Lawrence Wainaina
Affiliation not supplied
Deposited references
Supplied references, not a list of publications citing this article.
Agyeman, C. M., & Ponniah. V.M. (2014). Employee demographic characteristics and their effects on turnover and retention in Msmes. International Journal of Recent Advances in Organizational Behaviour and Decision Sciences, 1 (1), 12-29
DOI: 10.47381/aijre.v27i1.120
DOI: 10.1080/1359432X.2011.626198
Banken H.H.M. (2010). Do HR practices reduce turnover intentions and is this relation mediated by employee engagement. (Unpublished master’s thesis). Tilburg University.
DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.10.108
DOI: 10.15373/22778160/July2014/59
DOI: 10.1016/j.dr.2013.08.003
DOI: 10.1108/00483481011030557
DOI: 10.1177/0733464813495958
Chughtai, T.A. (2013). Role of HR practices in turnover intentions with the mediating effect of employee engagement. Wseas Transactions on Business and Economics, (2), 10, 97-103.
DOI: 10.5465/amr.1986.4282625
DOI: 10.19030/jber.v1i9.3045
DOI: 10.1177/0149206305279602
DOI: 10.1037/0021-9010.71.3.500
DOI: 10.2307/3151464
Field, A. P. (2009). Discovering statistics using SPSS, 2nd edition. London: Sage.
Firebaugh, G. (2008). Use panel data to study individual change and repeated cross-section data to study social change: In the seven rules for Social Research (Chapter 6). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, Intention and behavior: An introduction to theory and research, Addison-Wesley, Boston, MA.,
Gay, L., Mills, G., & Airasian, P. (2006). Educational research: Competencies for analysis and applications. New Jersey: Pearson Education.
Hayes, T.M (2015). Demographic characteristics predicting employee turnover intentions.Doctoraldissertation.Retrievedfrom:https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2537zcontext=dissertations.
DOI: 10.6007/IJARBSS/v10-i9/7726
DOI: 10.19044/esj.2020.v16n25p108
Kothari, C. R. (2004). Methods and techniques: Research methodology, (2nd ed.). New Delhi: New Age International Publishers Ltd.
DOI: 10.1002/hrm.20357
Likoko, S. Ndiku J., & Mutsotso, S. (2018). Influence of demographic characteristics on turnover intentions among the academic staff in public diploma teacher training colleges in Kenya. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR). 27(1), 62–87. DOI: 10.21275/ART2019465
DOI: 10.1080/02642069.2014.939644
Malik, M. (2011). Role Overload, turnover and their effect on layoff survivor’s job retention and productivity. Interdisciplinary Journal of contemporary Research in Business, 2(11), 427-440.
DOI: 10.5430/ijba.v9n4p201
March J. G. & Simon H. A. (1958). Organizations, Wiley, New York.
DOI: 10.4102/sajip.v34i1.415
Mensah R. D. (2014). Effects of human resource management practices on retention of employees in the banking industry in Accra, Ghana. (Unpublished PhD Thesis) Kenyatta University.
DOI: 10.1177/1938965512454595
DOI: 10.1080/1360080X.2012.662739
Mugenda, O. M., & Mugenda, A. (2003). Research methods: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Nairobi: ACTS Press.
DOI: 10.9790/0837-191211124
DOI: 10.1177/1059601107313307
Ngo-Henha, P.E. (2017). A review of turnover intentions theories. International Journal of Economics and Management Engineering, 11(11), 2760-2767.
Nhema, N., & Mutenheri, E. (2016). Factors that Influence the turnover intentions of employees in the tourism sector in Zimbabwe. International Journal of Management Sciences and Business Research, 5(12), 158-165.
DOI: 10.1108/17511870910928001
DOI: 10.1037/0021-9010.87.4.698
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2013.01.011
Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2009). Research methods for business students, 5th edition, Great Britain, Prentice Hall.
DOI: 10.1037/0021-9010.69.4.673
Tarmizi, A.N. (2008). Quality work life and turnover intentions: The mediating effect of career and organizational commitment, (Masters Thesis). Business Administration, USM. Retrieved on 30/10/2017, URL: http://eprints,um.my/id/eprint/25416
Verhees, J.M.A. (2012). The relationship between training and employees’ turnover intentions and role of organizational commitment. (Unpublished masters thesis), Tilburg university, Netherlands.
Wamukuru, D. K. (2016). Modelling the effects of teacher demand factors on teacher understaffing in public secondary schools in Kenya. Journal of Education and Practice www.iiste.org. 7, (3). 147-153.
DOI: 10.1108/19355181201000010
DOI: 10.1108/MIP-04-2013-0061
DOI: 10.1177/0149206313518437
Yamane T. (1967). Statistics: An introduction analysis (2nd ed.), New York: Harper and Row
DOI: 10.5897/AJBM11.2312