A critical review of the labor competitiveness as human capital in Indonesia

Abstract

This study aims to identify, rationalize and resolve the issue of labor competitiveness as human capital in organizations/companies from the perspective of human capital management in Indonesia. This study uses qualitative methods, observation or document study to collect data and analyze the data descriptively which is used to examine the condition of the object under study. The secondary data used in this study is aimed at supporting the primary information that has been obtained. The results of the study indicate that the competitiveness of the workforce as human capital is a workforce that has the ability to work, work skills and employability to develop a more effective and efficient work system in order to increase work productivity. This can be built and created through quality education and skills training programs based on information and communication technology (ICT) by encouraging vocational education and training, apprenticeships, and competency certification for students in the field of national education.

Authors & affiliations

Dewi Andriani
Affiliation not supplied

Deposited references

Supplied references, not a list of publications citing this article.

Al-Ma’ruf, A.I. (2010). Kajian Stilistika: Perspektif Kritik Holistik. Surakarta: UNS Press.

Agudelo,C.A.M., and Saavedra, M.R.B. (2016). The Human Resource Management As A Key Element And Quality Competitiveness Organizacional.Revista Científica "Visión de Futuro", 20(2), 21-37, Universidad Nacional de Misiones. https://www.redalyc.org/ journal/ 3579/ 357947335007/html/

Anggraeni,D.M. & Saryono. (2013). Metodelogi Penelitian Kualitatif dan Kuantitatif dalam Bidang Kesehatan. Yogyakarta: Nuha Medika.

Asian Development Bank. (2020). Indonesia: Boosting Productivity Through Human Capital Development Program (Subprogram 1). Sovereign (Public) Project | 54461-001. https://www.adb.org/projects/54461-001/main

Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) Indonesia.(2021). Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2020. https://www.bps.go.id/ pressrelease/2021/01/21/1854/hasil-sensus-penduduk-2020.html

Bappenas Rancangan Teknoratik : Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Nasional/RPJMN 2020-20242020-2024, https://www.bappenas.go.id

DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.246375

DOI: 10.33225/pec/14.58.13

Bevacqua,J.(2018). Developing a sustainable competitive advantage for their company is on the wish list of every CEO and business owner around the globe—but is it even possible? |May 24. https://risepeople.com/blog/company-culture-competitive-advantages/

DOI: 10.29322/IJSRP.10.05.2020.p10185

Badan Pusat Statistik /BPS per Februari 2019 . https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2019/05/31/ a96ce41f72e59d5dfb1cad9f/keadaan-angkatan-kerja-di-indonesia-februari-2019.html

DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2017.1380063

Bubenik,S.(2019).Can HR Strategies Create A Competitive Advantage For Your Company?.IFeb 18. https://www.forbes.com/sites/scholleybubenik/

Carnevale, A.P.,Fasules, M. L., and Campbell,K.P. (2020) Workplace Basics The Competencies Employers Want. https://www.luminafoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/workplace-basics.pdf

DOI: 10.13106/eajbm.2017.vol7.no3.23

Cedefop (2011).Europen Centre for the Development of Vocational Training: Annual Report 2011. Luxemburg: Pubicatios Office of the European Union. www.cedefop.europa.eu

DOI: 10.18502/kss.v3i10.3535

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.96335

Digital Management and Leadership.(2018).What’s the Importance of Higher Education on the Economy?. https://digitalmarketinginstitute.com/blog/what-is-the-importance-of-higher-education-on-the-economy

Direktorat Jenderal (Ditjen Pendidikan) Vokasi. (2020). Rencana Strategis (Renstra) Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Vokasi (Ditjen Pendidikan Vokasi) tahun 2020-2024

Doyle, A. (2020). What Are Employability Skills? - Definition & Examples of Employability Skills. https://www.thebalancecareers.com/employability-skills-list-and-examples-4143571

Dubra, I.(2019).Human Capital Impact on The Enterprise Competitiveness. Conference Paper at University of Latvia, January 2019. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330534240

DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2016.03.162

Farrugia,N.(2017).Competitive advantage through human capital. September 10, https://timesofmalta.com/ articles/view/Competitive-advantage-through-human-capital.657666

DOI: 10.35940/ijrte.C1203.1083S219

DOI: 10.1017/err.2020.29

Hasan, M. I. (2002). Pokok-pokok Materi Metodologi Penelitian dan Aplikasinya. Bogor:Ghalia Indonesia

DOI: 10.1002/smj.421

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225669

International Labour Organization/ILO.(2021).Skills strategies for future labour markets. https://www.ilo.org/ skills/areas/skills-training-for-poverty-reduction/lang--en/index.htm

Kazlauskait?,R.,Bu?i?nien?,I.(2008).The Role of Human Resources and Their Management in the Establishment of Sustainable Competitive Advantage. ISM Vadybos ir ekonomikos universitetas E.Ožeškien?s g.18, LT-44254, Kaunas Published in Engineering Economics 2008. No 5 (60). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257294800

Kementerian PUPR. (2021). Buka Kesempatan Kerja, Program Padat Karya Bidang Jalan & Jembatan Sudah Serap 109.047 Tenaga Kerja. https://www.pu.go.id/berita/buka-kesempatan-kerja-program-padat-karya-bidang-jalan-jembatan-sudah-serap-109047-tenaga-kerja

DOI: 10.1002/smj.2229

Kinzel, H. (2017). Industry 4.0 – Where Does This Leave the Human Factor? 15, 70-83, Technische Universitat Bergakedemie Freiberg, Germany. https://doi.org/10.14456/ jucr.2017.

DOI: 10.1108/IJEBR-10-2017-0384

Mahdiyah,L. (2019). Ketidaksesuaian antara Pendidikan dan Kebutuhan Tenaga Kerja Masih Besar. https://databoks.katadata.co.id.

DOI: 10.18522/2073-6606-2020-18-4-78-96

DOI: 10.5465/amr.2011.0266

Memon, M.A., Mangi, R,A.,and Rohra, C.L. (2009). Human Capital a Source of Competitive Advantage “Ideas for Strategic Leadership”. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 3(4): 4182-4189, ISSN 1991-8178 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/292417825

Moleong, L.J. (2005). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif, Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya.

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development /OECD. (2016). Panel 4.2 “Skills for a Digital World” of the OECD Ministerial Meeting on the Digital Economy, 21-23 June, Cancún (Mexico). OECD digital economy papers No. 250. https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development /OECD. (2020). Fostering local approaches to skills in Indonesia. https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/df6c4fbb-en/index.html?itemId=/content/ component/ df6c4fbb-en

DOI: 10.1787/36bce3fe-en

O'Neill, A. (2021). Indonesia: Unemployment rate from 1999 to 2020. , Jul 1. https://www.statista .com

Peraturan Presiden (Perpres) Nomor 8 Tahun 2012 Tentang Kerangka Kualifikasi Nasional Indonesia

Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia Nomor 81 Tahun 2014 Tentang Ijazah, Sertifikat Kompetensi, dan Sertifikat Profesi Pendidikan Tinggi

Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Republik Indonesia Nomor 2 Tahun 2013 Tentang Pedoman Pengembangan Sistem Pendidikan dan Pelatihan Berbasis Kompetensi di Lingkungan Kementerian Dalam Negeri dan Pemerintahan Daerah;

Peraturan Menteri Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi, Republik Indonesia Nomor 8 Tahun 2014 Tentang Pedoman Penyelenggaraan Pelatihan berbasis Kompetensi

Peraturan Menteri Ketenagakerjaan, Republik Indonesia Nomor 21 Tahun 2014 Tentang Pedoman Penerapan Kerangka Kualifikasi Nasional Indonesia

Pelinescu, E. (2016). Human Capital And Competitiveness In Ue, Internal Auditing and Risk Management, Athenaeum University of Bucharest, vol. 43(1), pages 49-61, September. https://ideas.repec.org/a/ath/journl/v43y2016i1p49-61.html

DOI: 10.9770/jesi.2020.8.1(53)

DOI: 10.1108/hrmid.2007.04415gad.005

Scharle, A. (2003). Competitiveness and the Labor Market. Working Paper No. 4 Strategic Analysis Division - The Ministry of Finance of Hungary. http://www.pm.gov.hu

Sertifikasiku. (2020). Daya saing tenaga kerja Indonesia masih ketinggalan! Yakin siap bersaing di era MEA?. 18 Juli. https://sertifikasiku.com/daya-saing-tenaga-kerja-indonesia-masih-ketinggalan-yakin-siap-bersaing-di-era-mea/

DOI: 10.1002/smj.2025

Singh, S.N. (2021). Unemployment in India: Causes and Solutions.International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) |10(4), 45-48 https://doi.org/10.35629/7722-1004024548 www.ijhssi.org 45

Sima, V., & Gheorghe, I.G. (2014).Labour market trends in România in the context of green economy. Annals of the „Constantin Brâncu?i” University of Târgu Jiu, Economy Series, Special Issue/2014- Information society and sustainable development, pp. 116–123. https://www.utgjiu.ro/revista/ ec/pdf/2014-04.Special/22_Sima,%20Gheorghe.pdf

DOI: 10.4103/0972-6748.181717

Sugiyono. (2015).Statistika Untuk Penelitian. Bandung :CV Alfabeta

The ASEAN Magazine.(2020). The Inside View Human Resources Development. The ASEAN Secretariat ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community Department ,Jakarta, Indonesia , 4, https://asean.org/asean-socio-cultural/

The Global Competitiveness Report. (2020).: How Countries are Performing on the Road to Recovery. Special Edition 2020. Section 2: Human Capital. Published: 16 December 2020. https://www.weforum.org/reports/the-global-competitiveness-report-2020#report-nav

Toner,P. (2011). Workforce skills and innovation: an overview of major themes in the literature. Sg/innov(2011)1, 4-64. OECD Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry (STI) Centre for Educational Research and Innovation (CERI). https://www.oecd.org/ sti/inno/ 46970941.pdf

Trading Economic.(2021). Indonesia Unemployment Rate. https://tradingeconomics.com/indonesia /unemployment-rate

Triana, H.,& Rosmalia, e. (2017). Pengembangan Kualitas SDM Indonesia dengan Sertifikasi Profesi. https://lsp-ipi.org/pengembangan-kualitas-sdm-indonesia-dengan-sertifikasi-profesi

Ulya, F.N.(2020). Pertumbuhan Ekonomi RI Minus 5,32 Persen pada Kuartal II-2020. https://money.kompas.com/read/2020/08/05/ 120854826/pertumbuhan-ekonomi-ri-minus-532-persen-pada-kuartal-ii-2020.

Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan

DOI: 10.1515/ptse-2016-0012

DOI: 10.23960/administratio.v10i1.82