Investigating the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on stock markets
Mustapher Faque ORCID ↗ · Umit Hacioglu ORCID ↗
International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science · 2021 · Vol. 10 / Issue 7 · 199-219
Publication metrics
External links open provider records or DOI searches. Provider counts are not combined. Mendeley readership measures saves, not citations.
Dimensions
Live provider badge. If unavailable, use the Dimensions link above.
Observed 21 Oct 2026, 07:22 UTC
Observed 22 Oct 2026 01:55 UTC
Observed 22 Oct 2026 01:56 UTC
OpenAlex and Mendeley observations refresh on article visits, at most once per 24 hours. Unavailable data is not zero. Google Scholar opens a DOI search.
Citations received by this article, grouped by the year of the citing work. Crossref and OpenAlex lifetime totals remain separate in Publication metrics.
2017–2026 Annual history last updated:
Citations received
OpenAlex · year of the citing work
Hover over a year or focus the chart and use arrow keys to inspect values.
2017–2026 annual-history window. 2026 is year to date. Unknown years have gaps.
View data & coverage
2026 is incomplete. Within a successfully fetched ten-year window, omitted years mean zero. Years beyond a saved observation’s window remain unknown (—). Older citations are excluded, so this chart’s sum may differ from the OpenAlex lifetime total. The date above belongs to this annual history; an unsuccessful refresh keeps the previous observation.
Abstract
This paper aims to examine the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on stock markets. This paper also analyses the stock market cointegration of selected global equity indices that performed better and have a quick speed of recovery during the pandemic. This paper also questions how increasing uncertainty and volatility deters investors’ perception of the diversification of equity investments. The dataset for the selected 12 global equity indices has been used from Thompson Reuters’s EIKON database in a given period of time between 2010 and 2021. This paper employs Vector Error Correction Models to assess the relationship among the selected global equity indices. Findings demonstrate that (i) there is an adverse impact of Covid-19 on the Global Equity markets, (ii) there is a clear sign of cointegration in global equity indices, (ii) investors can benefit from investing in particular equity indices that have exhibited quick speed of recovery from the pandemic records lows. The findings finally provide a strong foundation for constructing a resilient equity portfolio in a highly uncertain market environment.
Keywords: {'name': 'Covid-19, Cointegration, Diversification, Global Equity Indices'}, {'name': 'Pandemic'}
Authors & affiliations
Mustapher Faque
Affiliation not supplied
Umit Hacioglu
Affiliation not supplied
Deposited references
Supplied references, not a list of publications citing this article.
DOI: 10.1108/03074351111113306
DOI: 10.5430/ijfr.v1n1p14
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-72628-7
DOI: 10.1016/S0022-1996(03)00081-3
DOI: 10.1016/j.intfin.2012.07.002
DOI: 10.1016/j.intfin.2012.07.002
DOI: 10.1108/10569210910987985
Antonios, A. (2010). Stock market and economic growth: an empirical analysis for Germany. Business and Economics Journal, 2010, 1-12.
DOI: 10.5539/ijef.v3n2p212
DOI: 10.1177/002795011322300103
DOI: 10.1016/j.frl.2020.101748
DOI: 10.1017/S0022109000002350
DOI: 10.3386/w26945
Baldwin, R., & Weder di Mauro, B. (2020). Economics in the time of COVID-19: A new eBook. VOX CEPR Policy Portal.
DOI: 10.1111/1468-036X.00153
DOI: 10.1016/j.irfa.2013.07.007
DOI: 10.1016/j.ememar.2004.01.002
Biddle, G. C., & Saudagaran, S. M. (1991). Foreign Stock Listings: Benefits, Costs, and the Accounting Poiicy Dilemma. Accounting Horizons, 5(3).
DOI: 10.1111/0022-1082.00306
DOI: 10.5089/9781451950700.001
DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3618736
DOI: 10.1016/j.irfa.2013.07.005
DOI: 10.1108/K-02-2013-0021
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-01125-7
DOI: 10.5755/j01.ee.26.2.3591
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-5643-5.ch094
DOI: 10.20525/ijdsa.v1i1.1415
DOI: 10.1016/j.dss.2016.03.005
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.06.035
DOI: 10.4018/ijsem.2017010101
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-5213-0.ch007
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-2673-5.ch013
DOI: 10.1111/0022-1082.00081
Fabozzi, F. J. (2015). Capital markets: institutions, instruments, and risk management. MIT Press. 13-19
Fapetu, O., & Aluko, O. A. (2017). The Linkage between Emerging and Developed Markets: Implication for International Portfolio Diversification. Acta Universitatis Danubius. Œconomica, 13(6).
DOI: 10.20525/ijrbs.v10i7.1461
DOI: 10.1080/1331677X.2018.1550001
DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3584243
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-25275-5
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-29739-8
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-72624-9
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-47021-4
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-01387-9
DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198776086.001.0001
DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3622899
DOI: 10.1080/09692299508434322
DOI: 10.1017/S0081305200014242
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/depositaryreceipt.asp
DOI: 10.1007/s11294-014-9472-1
International Monetary Fund. (2020). World economic outlook, October 2020: A long and Difficult Ascent. IMF online.
Jeyanthi, B. J. (2012). Are the BRIC Equity Markets More Interdependent After the Global Financial Crisis? Indiastat. com.
DOI: 10.1007/BF02707335
DOI: 10.1080/23322039.2020.1862395
DOI: 10.1111/1468-0416.00018
DOI: 10.1111/1468-0416.00018
DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.472700
DOI: 10.1177/056943450605000205
Khan, T. A. (2011). Cointegration of international stock markets: An investigation of diversification opportunities. Undergraduate Economic Review, 8(1), 7.
DOI: 10.1016/j.iref.2015.04.005
DOI: 10.1016/S1042-4431(97)00022-X
Majid, M. S. A., Meera, A. K. M., Omar, M. A., & Aziz, H. A. (2009). Dynamic linkages among ASEAN 5 emerging stock markets. International Journal of Emerging Markets.
DOI: 10.1016/j.iref.2015.11.005
DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-6622.1998.tb00498.x
Morales, L., & Andreosso-O'Callaghan, B. (2020). Covid19: Global Stock Markets “Black Swan”.
DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.333321
DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3571453
Onyuma, S. O., Mugo, R. K., & Karuiya, J. K. (2012). Does Cross-border listing (still) improve firm financial performance in Eastern Africa? Journal of Business, Economics, 1(1), 91-109.
DOI: 10.1111/1540-6261.00509
DOI: 10.1080/1540496X.2020.1784719
DOI: 10.18488/journal.aefr.2020.1011.1321.1341
DOI: 10.4236/me.2012.31005
DOI: 10.1016/S0304-405X(02)00151-4
DOI: 10.4236/ojbm.2020.83068
Saunders, A., & Cornett, M. M. (2012). Financial markets and institutions. The McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
Senol, Z., & Zeren, F. (2020). Coronavirus (COVID-19) and Stock Markets: The Effects of The Pandemic on the Global Economy. Eurasian Journal of Researches in Social and Economics (EJRSE), 7(4), 1-16.
DOI: 10.4236/tel.2016.62014
DOI: 10.1016/j.aebj.2016.10.003
DOI: 10.1016/j.irfa.2005.02.003
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-137-50833-1
DOI: 10.1007/s42979-020-00410-w
DOI: 10.1016/j.iref.2016.08.004
DOI: 10.1207/s15327612jamd0804_1
DOI: 10.1080/1540496X.2003.11052558
Yuce, A., & Simga-Mugan, C. (2000). Linkages among Eastern European stock markets and the major stock exchanges. Russian & East European Finance and Trade, 36(6), 54-69.