CiteNScope — Scholarly Index & Analytics
Discover / IJRBSPUBLICATION RECORD

Enhancing university exam timetabling through the use of a BSet model

Rodney Mushininga · Colin Chibaya ORCID ↗ · Desmond Govender ORCID ↗

International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science · 2023 · Vol. 12 / Issue 1 · 308-317

Research reach

Publication metrics

External links open provider records or DOI searches. Provider counts are not combined. Mendeley readership measures saves, not citations.

Dimensions

Live provider badge. If unavailable, use the Dimensions link above.

CROSSREF CITATIONS0

Observed 21 Oct 2026, 07:22 UTC

OpenAlex · Citations0Cached provider observation

Observed 21 Oct 2026 07:22 UTC

Mendeley · Readers4Cached provider observation

Observed 22 Oct 2026 01:22 UTC

OpenAlex and Mendeley observations refresh on article visits, at most once per 24 hours. Unavailable data is not zero. Google Scholar opens a DOI search.

OpenAlex / Citation year

Annual citations to this article

View provider totals ↑

Citations received by this article, grouped by the year of the citing work. Crossref and OpenAlex lifetime totals remain separate in Publication metrics.

2017–2026 Annual history last updated:

Citations received

OpenAlex · year of the citing work

OpenAlex

Hover over a year or focus the chart and use arrow keys to inspect values.

2017–2026 annual-history window. 2026 is year to date. Unknown years have gaps.

View data & coverage

2026 is incomplete. Within a successfully fetched ten-year window, omitted years mean zero. Years beyond a saved observation’s window remain unknown (—). Older citations are excluded, so this chart’s sum may differ from the OpenAlex lifetime total. The date above belongs to this annual history; an unsuccessful refresh keeps the previous observation.

Overview

Abstract

Forming university exam schedules in Southern Africa has always been difficult. It is a scheduling problem with strict rules (hard constraints) and flexible ones (soft constraints). Students must take a final exam for most courses they are enrolled in each semester, held in a supervised setting. Therefore, finding a suitable time and location for each student is a common challenge. This paper proposes a solution to this scheduling problem based on the behaviour of bees, using a model called BSet, which uses simulated robotic devices to find and schedule courses. The results show that this approach is efficient and effective in creating exam schedules.

Keywords: {'name': 'Timetable, Examinable Module, Emergent Behaviour, Robotic Devices'}

Authors & affiliations

Rodney Mushininga
Affiliation not supplied

Colin Chibaya
Affiliation not supplied

Desmond Govender
Affiliation not supplied

Deposited references

Supplied references, not a list of publications citing this article.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jfranklin.2006.06.001

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-22616-8_3

DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arm117

DOI: 10.1109/BIC-TA.2011.74

Bolaji, A. L. A., Khader, A. T., Al-Betar, M. A., Awadallah, M., & Thomas, J. J. (2012). The effect of neighborhood structures on examination timetabling with artificial bee colony. In 9th International Conference on the Practice and Theories of Automated Timetabling (PATAT 2012), 131-144. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/

DOI: 10.1007/BFb0055877

Burke, E. K., McCollum, B., McMullan, P., & Qu, R. (2006). Examination timetabling: a new formulation. In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on the Practice and Theory of Automated Timetabling, Brno, 373-375. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/

DOI: 10.1007/3-540-44629-X_8

DOI: 10.1093/comjnl/40.9.565

DOI: 10.1287/opre.34.2.193

DOI: 10.1057/jors.1996.37

Chibaya, C. (2014). An investigation into XSets of primitive behaviours for emergent behaviour in stigmergic and message passing ant-like agents (Doctoral dissertation, Rhodes University). https://core.ac.uk/download/

DOI: 10.1016/S0377-2217(00)00052-7

DOI: 10.1016/S0303-2647(97)01708-5

DOI: 10.1057/jors.1990.5

Karaboga, D. (2005). An idea based on honey bee swarm for numerical optimization, 200, 1-10. Technical report-tr06, Erciyes university, engineering faculty, computer engineering department. https://abc.erciyes.edu.tr/

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1107583108

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-77949-0_11

DOI: 10.1007/s10489-009-0196-5

Muktar, D., Ahmad, F., Mohammad, Z., Hassan, H., & Zakaria, A. H. (2014). Examination Scheduling System Based on Quadratic Assignment. In The Third International Conference on Informatics & Applications (ICIA2014), 64-71. https://www.researchgate.net/

Mushininga, R. (2021) Tracking Students’ Registration Profiles using BSet-Driven Swarms of Bee like robotic devices. PhD thesis Submitted at University of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa.

DOI: 10.1007/s10951-008-0077-5

DOI: 10.1145/37401.37406

Sabar, N. R., Ayob, M., & Kendall, G. (2009, August). Solving examination timetabling problems using honey-bee mating optimization (ETP-HBMO). In Proceedings of the 4th multidisciplinary international scheduling conference: theory and applications (MISTA 2009), Dublin, Ireland, 399-408. https://www.graham-kendall.com/

DOI: 10.2307/1543484