Investigating the use of PPPs for upgraded urban water infrastructure

Abstract

Clean, sufficient water is becoming increasingly scarce worldwide, particularly in African metropolitan areas. Today's urban water systems face several challenges, including, among other things, migration from rural to urban areas, climate change, natural disasters, and a lack of institutional capacity, expertise, and financial and human resources. As a result, governments across Africa are struggling to meet constitutional requirements to provide clean and sufficient water and sanitation. This article aims to investigate the value of public-private partnerships (PPPs) in improving Africa's urban water infrastructure. The research in this article was qualitative. Data were gathered through a literature review, and conceptual analysis was used. The findings show that a variety of factors are at work.

Keywords: {'name': 'Africa'}, {'name': 'water'}, {'name': 'water governance'}, {'name': 'water infrastructure'}, {'name': 'public private partnership'}

Authors & affiliations

Shikha Vyas-Doorgapersad
Affiliation not supplied

Deposited references

Supplied references, not a list of publications citing this article.

Adah, P.D. & Abok, G. (2013). Challenges of Urban Water Management in Nigeria: The Way Forward. Journal of Environmental Sciences and Resource Management, 5 (1), 111-121. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.26370.56007

DOI: 10.1016/j.envdev.2018.03.004

DOI: 10.3390/w13172416

Auriacombe, C.J. (2011). Methodology Class Lecture for Honours Students. Unpublished Document. Johannesburg: University of Johannesburg.

DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2008.05.087

DOI: 10.18510/hssr.2020.8317

Bender, P and Gibson, S. (2010). Case study for the 10 years of the Mbombela (Nelspruit) Water and Sanitation Concession. South Africa: Pretoria.

Banerjee, S., Skilling, H.; Foster, V.; Briaeno-Garmendia, C.; Morella, E. & Chfadi, T. (2008). Africa Infrastructure Country Diagnostic: Urban Water Supply in Sub-Saharan Africa. World Bank and the Water and Sanitation Program. European Union: United Kingdom.

Bangani, A. (2019). Factors influencing the implementation of the Strategic Framework for Gender Equality Within the South African Public Service. Unpublished MA Dissertation. University of Johannesburg: Johannesburg.

DOI: 10.1111/1467-8292.00207

Brown, T.L. & Potoski, M. (2005). Transaction costs and contracting: The practitioner perspective. Public Performance and Management Review, 28(3), 326-351. https://doi.org/10.1080/15309576.2005.11051842

DOI: 10.1080/00020184.2020.1793662

DOI: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2005.10.005

Dolo, N. (2019). Water supply challenges in urban and rural areas of Eastern Cape. MA Dissertation. Durban University of Technology: Durban.

DOI: 10.2307/41166479

European Commission (EC). (2004). Green paper on public-private partnerships and community law on public contracts and concessions. European Commission: Brussels.

DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2005.11.004

DOI: 10.29358/sceco.v0i27.413

Government of Zimbabwe. (2013). Zimbabwe Agenda for Sustainable Socio-Economic Transformation (ZIMASSET) – October 2013 – December 2018. Government Printer: Harare.

Government Technical Advisory Centre (South Africa). (2017). Water PPPs in South Africa – past and present: what has worked and what has not. Government Printers: Pretoria.

DOI: 10.5465/amj.2008.32625975

Helen Suzman Foundation. (2020). Financing water services infrastructure through private sector partnerships. https://hsf.org.za/publications/hsf-briefs/financing-water-services-infrastructure-through-private-sector-partnerships (18 April, 2023).

DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2019.101573

Hisamudin, H.A. (2022). What is Indah Water and what does it do? https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2022/03/09/what-is-indah-water-and-what-does-it-do/ (March 12, 2023).

DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6210.2007.00736.x

International Finance Corporation (IFC). (2010). Public-Private Partnership Impact Stories Romania: Bucharest Water and Sanitation.www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/234b1a1c-feaf-4829-9257-a0700af9acb9/PPPStories_Romania_BucharestWaterAndSanitation.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CVID=lHJa0WD (March 05, 2023).

International Finance Corporation (IFC). (2011). Viewpoint- Public policy for the Private Sector. https://ppp.worldbank.org/public-private-partnership/sites/ppp.worldbank.org/files/2022-06/326-Bucharest-water.pdf (March 05, 2023).

International Finance Corporation (IFC). (2022). Public-Private Partnership Impact Stories Romania: Bucharest Water and Sanitation. Public-Private Partnership Impact Stories. Bucharest Water and Sanitation: Romania.

Ishaku, H.T. (2019). Nigeria - The Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Improvement Project in Oyo and Taraba States. https://www.afdb.org/en/documents/nigeria-urban-water-supply-and-sanitation-improvement-project-oyo-and-taraba-states-ipr-december-2019 (April 17, 2023).

Jomo, K.S., Chowdhury, A., Sharma, K. & Platz, D. (2016). Public-Private Partnerships and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development: Fit for purpose? https://www.un.org/esa/desa/papers/2016/wp148_2016.pdf (March 13, 2023).

DOI: 10.1089/ees.2012.0427

Klijn, E.H. & Teisman, G. (2004). Public-private partnerships as the management of co-production: strategic and institutional obstacles in a difficult marriage. In G.A. Hodge & C. Greve (Eds.), The challenge of public-private partnerships: Learning from international experience, 95-116. Elgar: Massachusetts, USA.

Lewis, L. (2023). Rural and Urban Water Issues in Africa. USA: The Water Project. https://thewaterproject.org/water-crisis/water-in-crisis-rural-urban-africa?cv=1&session-id=b88243d272574589b3b30db60d3bdf19 (February 06, 2023).

DOI: 10.21272/bel.6(2).78-85.2022

Manokore, L. & Rwodzi, T. (2015). Made in Africa: Exploring international and local legal considerations for investors in and from Africa. King and Wood Meillesons: U.K.

DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-7956-1

Manzungu, E., Mudenda-Damba, M., Madyiwa, S., Dzingirai, V. & Musoni, S. (2016). Bulk water suppliers in the City of Harare – An endogenous form of privatisation of urban domestic water services in Zimbabwe? Water Alternatives, 9(1), 56-80.

Møller-Jensen, L., Kofie, R., & Yankson, P. (2007). Monitoring urban growth: urbanization of the fringe areas of Accra. Bulletin of the Ghana Geographical Association, 24, 1-12.

DOI: 10.20525/ijrbs.v11i4.1816

Mukheibir, P., Howe, C.& Gallet, D. (2014). What’s getting in the way of a “One Water” approach to water services planning and management? An analysis of the challenges and barriers. AWA Water, 41(2),67-73.

Mulenga, K. (2017). Challenges of Water Management at Local Government Municipal Level in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering. University of the Witwatersrand: Johannesburg.

Mustafa, D., Akhter, M. and Nasrallah, N. (2013). Understanding Pakistan's water-security nexus. United States Institute of Peace: Washington, DC.

Mutandwa, H. (2023). Urban water infrastructure development in Zimbabwe: The role of public private partnerships. Unpublished PhD thesis. University of Johannesburg: Johannesburg.

Nhlapo, T.M.S. (2020). Human Resource Development Strategy for gender equality within the Department of Correctional Services. Unpublished PhD Thesis. University of Johannesburg: Johannesburg.

DOI: 10.31920/2516-5305/2020/17n1a11

DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8500.2007.00545.x

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2012). Recommendation of the Council on Principles for Public Governance of Public-Private Partnerships. OECD: Paris.

Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2015). Water and Cities: Ensuring sustainable futures. OECD Studies on Water. OECD Publishing: Paris.

DOI: 10.1080/02626660109492888

DOI: 10.1016/j.cosust.2013.10.012

Porse, E.C. (2014). Old solutions and new problems: On the evolution of urban water infrastructure and environments. University of California: Davis.

Rogers, P., Bhatia, R. & Huber, A. (1998). Water as a social and economic good: How to put the principle into practice. Global Water Partnership: Stockholm.

Sadoff, C. (2006). Can Water Undermine Growth? Evidence from Ethiopia; The World Bank: Washington, DC, USA. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/9593

Sibanda, N. (2015). Challenges and prospects of the South African women empowerment and gender equality bill. http://wiredspace. wits.ac.za/handle/10539/22151 (October 13, 2018).

The Conversation. (2020). Why local solutions are best for urban water supply in Ghana. https://theconversation.com/why-local-solutions-are-best-for-urban-water-supply-in-ghana-133236 (April 18, 2023).

Toxopeus, M. (2019). Understanding water issues and challenges IV: water infrastructure assessment. https://hsf.org.za/publications/hsf-briefs/understanding-water-issues-and-challenges-iv-water-infrastructure-assessment (18 April, 2023).

United Nations. (2014). International decade for action: “Water for life”. https://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/africa.shtml. (July 10, 2020).

United Nation Human Settlement Programme (UN-Habitat). (2008). Water and sanitation trust fund strategic plan (2008-2012). UN-Habitat: Nairobi, Kenya.

United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) Global Activities Report. (2015). Increasing synergy for greater national ownership. UN-Habitat: Nairobi.

Connor, R. (2015). The United Nations world water development report 2015: water for a sustainable world (Vol. 1). UNESCO publishing.

Urban Councils Association of Zimbabwe. (2022). WaterWorx Project: WOP Harare Zimbabwe. https://ucaz.org.zw/programs/waterworx-project-wop-harare-zimbabwe/. (17 April, 2023).

DOI: 10.1007/s11269-009-9529-8

DOI: 10.1080/14616670110070622

Van Rooijen, D., Kayaga, J.S. & Smout, I. (2011). Demand management options model. In S. Kayaya & I. Smout (Eds.), Water demand management in the city of the future, 63-76. Water Engineering and Development Centre: UK, Loughborough University.

DOI: 10.4102/td.v7i2.240

Winpenny, J. (2003). Report of the World Panel on Financing Water Infrastructure. OECD: Paris.

Zinyama, T. (2014). Contracting Out: What Works, What Doesn’t and Why? International Journal of Public Policy and Administration Research, 1 (2), 64-79.

Zinyama, T. & Nhema, A.G.l. (2015). Public-private partnerships: Critical review and lessons for Zimbabwe. Public Policy and Administration Research, 5(6), 39-44.

Zumdahl, S. (2021). Water. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/ science/water (November 09, 2021).