Adaptive public relations and marketing in tourism: how South African timeshare businesses responded to the Covid-19 crisis
Mlondi Mkhize ORCID ↗ · Zakia Jeewa
International Journal of Business Ecosystem & Strategy · 2024 · Vol. 6 / Issue 4 · 463-477
Publication metrics
External links open provider records or DOI searches. Provider counts are not combined. Mendeley readership measures saves, not citations.
Dimensions
Live provider badge. If unavailable, use the Dimensions link above.
Observed 21 Oct 2026, 00:14 UTC
Observed 21 Oct 2026 00:14 UTC
OpenAlex and Mendeley observations refresh on article visits, at most once per 24 hours. Unavailable data is not zero. Google Scholar opens a DOI search.
Citations received by this article, grouped by the year of the citing work. Crossref and OpenAlex lifetime totals remain separate in Publication metrics.
2017–2026 Annual history last updated:
Citations received
OpenAlex · year of the citing work
Hover over a year or focus the chart and use arrow keys to inspect values.
2017–2026 annual-history window. 2026 is year to date. Unknown years have gaps.
View data & coverage
2026 is incomplete. Within a successfully fetched ten-year window, omitted years mean zero. Years beyond a saved observation’s window remain unknown (—). Older citations are excluded, so this chart’s sum may differ from the OpenAlex lifetime total. The date above belongs to this annual history; an unsuccessful refresh keeps the previous observation.
Abstract
South Africa is one of the most popular tourist destinations on the African continent, with timeshares—vacation properties shared by multiple owners—being an important feature of the tourism industry as it contributes significant growth and sustainability of tourist destinations. After its introduction in the 1960s, timeshare gained popularity through its capability to provide luxury holiday affordability and security in South Africa. Since then, timeshare businesses have used traditional public relations, marketing, advertising strategies and tactics to increase brand awareness and reach sales targets. During the difficult COVID-19 period, global tourism declined drastically due to travel restrictions, extreme lockdowns and tight regulations, forcing businesses to adapt their marketing strategies to cope with unprecedented challenges and the loss of customers. Before the pandemic’s culmination, travel agencies and timeshares thus utilized digital marketing and social media to effectively strategise and publicly engage with their audiences online. Drawing upon McGuire’s (1969) theory of information processing, and Echtner and Ritchie’s (1993) destination image branding, a content and thematic analysis of two South African timeshare companies and their Facebook page content was studied to investigate the public relations tactics and marketing strategies implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic. Key findings reveal that timeshares engaged publicly with customers through posts which stimulated online participation, which included the sharing of images, information, updates, competitions and discounts, thus maximising the potential of social media to engage with stakeholders on a short to long term basis.
Keywords: {'name': 'Marketing'}, {'name': 'tourism'}, {'name': 'Social Media Marketing'}
Authors & affiliations
Mlondi Mkhize
Affiliation not supplied
Zakia Jeewa
Affiliation not supplied
Deposited references
Supplied references, not a list of publications citing this article.
Bhandari, P. (2023). What is qualitative research? Methods & examples. Scribbr. Retrieved from https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/qualitative-research/#:~:text=Qualitative%20research%20involves%20collecting%20and,generate%20new%20ideas%20for%20research
Ceylan, U., & Gencer, K. (2022). Investigation of the performances of accommodation businesses websites in terms of digital marketing. Journal of Gastronomy, Hospitality, and Travel, 5(3), 996–1105.
Dovetail, & Damyanov, M. (2023). Thematic analysis: A step-by-step guide. Dovetail. Retrieved from https://dovetail.com/research/thematic-analysis/
DOI: 10.1177/004728759303100402
Echtner, C. M., & Ritchie, J. R. B. (2003). The meaning and measurement of destination image. Journal of Tourism Studies, 14(1), 37–48.
Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Retrieved from https://people.umass.edu/aizen/pubs/book/ch11.pdf
Holtz, S. (2012). Social media crisis communications: Preparing for, preventing, and surviving a public relations crisis. Que Publishing.
DOI: 10.1057/palgrave.fsm.4770080
Kirjalianen, O. (2014). Marketing communication and personal sales in timeshare and leisure property sales for Russian clientele in South Karelia Region. Retrieved from https://www.theseus.fi/handle/10024/84443
Lockett, A. (2018). Online marketing strategies for increasing sales revenues of small retail businesses. Walden University Dissertations. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=7175&context=dissertations
McCombes, S. (2023). What is a case study? Definition, examples & methods. Scribbr. Retrieved from https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/case-study/#:~:text=A%20case%20study%20is%20an,in%20a%20thesis%20or%20dissertation
McGuire, W. J. (1968). Theory of the structure of human thought. In R. Abelson, E. Aronson, W. M. McGuire, T. Newcombe, M. Rosenberg, & P. Tannenbaum (Eds.), Theories of cognitive consistency: A sourcebook. Chicago: Rand McNally.
McGuire, W. J. (1969). The nature of attitudes and attitude change. In G. Lindzey & E. Aronson (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology (2nd ed., Vol. 3, pp. 136–314). Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/255661892_Persuasive_Communication_Theory_in_Social_Psychology_A_Historical_Perspective
Moodley, M., & Naidoo, S. (2022). The evolution of promotional marketing strategies of tourism businesses in South Africa - Post COVID-19. Retrieved from https://www.ajhtl.com/uploads/7/1/6/3/7163688/article_8_11_2_1038-1052.pdf
Mulilis, J. (1998). Persuasive communication issues in disaster management. Australian Journal of Emergency Management, Autumn 1998.
National Consumer Commission Report. (2018). Retrieved from https://thencc.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/NCC-Annual-Report_2018-19.pdf
DOI: 10.4135/9781071802878
DOI: 10.1007/s10488-013-0528-y
DOI: 10.5379/urbani-izziv-en-2014-25-supplement-012
Pollar, L. II. (2010). Perceived service quality's impact on behavioral intentions in the timeshare industry. Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 1660. Retrieved from https://stars.library.ucf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2659&context=etd
Secondary Sources
Southern Sun Timesharing. (2022, August 18). This [Image attached] [Status update]. Facebook. Retrieved from https://www.facebook.com/share/WN2TDjzeFBHipe5e/?mibextid=WC7FNe
Southern Sun Timesharing. (2022, February 07). This [Image attached] [Status update]. Facebook. Retrieved from https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=165466389569319&set=a.133562299426395&type=3&mibextid=WC7FNe
Southern Sun Timesharing. (2022, May 09). This [Image attached] [Status update]. Facebook. Retrieved from https://www.facebook.com/share/p/kRJDZat4Z7pSBx5K/?mibextid=WC7FNe
Southern Sun Timesharing. (2022, November 03). This [Image attached] [Status update]. Facebook. Retrieved from https://www.facebook.com/share/p/VP5UVWTBJxfLfn5i/?mibextid=WC7FNe
Southern Sun Timesharing. (2023, March 24). This [Image attached] [Status update]. Facebook. Retrieved from https://www.facebook.com/SouthernSunTimesharing/
Statistics South Africa. (2022). SA tourism industry struggles amidst COVID-19 pandemic. Retrieved from https://www.statssa.gov.za/?p=14281
Statistics South Africa. (2023). Tourism. Retrieved from https://www.gov.za/about-sa/tourism#:~:text=In%202022%2C%20nearly%205%2C7,the%20same%20period%20last%20year
The Holiday Club. (2020, July 29). This [Image attached] [Status update]. Facebook. Retrieved from https://www.facebook.com/share/ixEcY1PB6XJudQD3/?mibextid=WC7FNe
The Holiday Club. (2020, May 21). This [Image attached] [Status update]. Facebook. Retrieved from https://www.facebook.com/share/NoswbwtvJxj4rx88/?mibextid=WC7FNe
The Holiday Club. (2020, October 23). This [Image attached] [Status update]. Facebook. Retrieved from https://www.facebook.com/share/S6kPhM5FTYMR6VkR/?mibextid=WC7FNe
The Holiday Club. (2021, November 04). This [Image attached] [Status update]. Facebook. Retrieved from https://www.facebook.com/share/nH4CmCLzdud6YYQL/?mibextid=WC7FNe
The Holiday Club. (2022, May 17). This [Image attached] [Status update]. Facebook. Retrieved from https://www.facebook.com/share/p/dgD4taHjeJesmmm7/?mibextid=WC7FNe
The Holiday Club. (2022, May 20). This [Image attached] [Status update]. Facebook. Retrieved from https://m.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=847464337417701&set=a.623960903101380&type=3
The Holiday Club. (2022, November 25). This [Image attached] [Status update]. Facebook. Retrieved from https://www.facebook.com/share/E7mpBB6HRJ1os47m/?mibextid=WC7FNe
The Holiday Club. (2023, March 24). This [Image attached] [Status update]. Facebook. Retrieved from https://www.facebook.com/theholidayclubsa/
DOI: 10.55540/0031-1723.1370
Yusof, N., & Ramli, K. (2015). Images of Malaysia as a tourist destination: Psychological/functional versus attribute/holistic. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331477049_Images_of_Malaysia_as_a_Tourist_Destination_PsychologicalFunctional_versus_AttributeHolistic