An assessment of the relationship between personal financial management and employee productivity in the public sector: The case of the Department of Social Protection, Botswana
James Sekhomba · Christopher Dick-Sagoe
International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science · 2026 · Vol. 15 / Issue 1 · 20-30
Publication metrics
External links open provider records or DOI searches. Provider counts are not combined. Mendeley readership measures saves, not citations.
Dimensions
Live provider badge. If unavailable, use the Dimensions link above.
Observed 21 Oct 2026, 07:22 UTC
Observed 21 Oct 2026 07:23 UTC
OpenAlex and Mendeley observations refresh on article visits, at most once per 24 hours. Unavailable data is not zero. Google Scholar opens a DOI search.
Citations received by this article, grouped by the year of the citing work. Crossref and OpenAlex lifetime totals remain separate in Publication metrics.
2017–2026 Annual history last updated:
Citations received
OpenAlex · year of the citing work
Hover over a year or focus the chart and use arrow keys to inspect values.
2017–2026 annual-history window. 2026 is year to date. Unknown years have gaps.
View data & coverage
2026 is incomplete. Within a successfully fetched ten-year window, omitted years mean zero. Years beyond a saved observation’s window remain unknown (—). Older citations are excluded, so this chart’s sum may differ from the OpenAlex lifetime total. The date above belongs to this annual history; an unsuccessful refresh keeps the previous observation.
Abstract
The research focus was on the link between Personal Financial Management (PFM) and employees' productivity in Botswana’s public sector because this particular aspect remains largely unattended despite being an important gap within African public sector management studies. The research was conducted at the Department of Social Protection and entailed applying a quantitative research paradigm with structured research interviews (n=73). Analysis shows that there was statistical significance with PFM only marginally expanding employees' productivity at 19.3% variance significance level. It was established that marital status and age were not significant factors or interests influencing PFM while education was established as an important predictor variable using multiple regression analysis. It was established that poor PFM practice translates to employees' stress caused by financial problems manifesting at workplaces indicated by employees' lack of focus and related absenteeism. The study proposes specific programs for employees' financial well-being at workplaces.
Keywords: {'name': 'Botswana; Employee Productivity; Finance Management'}
Authors & affiliations
James Sekhomba
University of Botswana
Christopher Dick-Sagoe
University of South Africa
Deposited references
Supplied references, not a list of publications citing this article.
DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.5378785
DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2862445
Akinlabi, B., Dogo, E., & Asikhia, O. (2021). Goal Setting and Employee Performance:A study of SouthWest Universities' Registry Workers in Nigeria . Global Scientific Journals Vol.9,Issue.2. http://www.globalscientificjournal.com/
DOI: 10.30827/portalin.vi33.26656
DOI: 10.31580/ijer.v1i1.135
DOI: 10.35912/ahrmr.v1i2.853
DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2181347
Ashfaq, Z. (2016). Structured Interviews. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.3212.3286
Bester, J. (2019). How does performance management actually improve employee performance?The Botswana experience. Journal of Public Administration and Development(JPADA) Vol.4,No.1.
Bhandari, P. (2023). Ethical Considerations in Research. Scribber. https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/research-ethics/
BNPC. (2019). Botswana National Productivity Centre Anual Report. Gaborone: BNPC. https://bnpc.bw/downloads/BNPC-Annual-Report-2023.pdf
DOI: 10.5296/ber.v8i1.12395
DOI: 10.1007/s11136-018-1847-y
Creswell, J., & Clark, V. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research Third Edition. California: SAGE Publications.
Danker, T., & Dohrmann, T. (2007). How can American government meet its productivity challenge. https://www.scribd.com/document/488465931/How-can-American-government-meet-its-productivity-challenge
DOI: 10.5897/AJBM10.1267
Delafrooz, N., Paim, L., Sabri, M., & Masud, J. (2010). Effects of Financial Wellness on the Relationship Between Financial Problem and Workplace Productivity. World Applied Sciences Journal Vol.10:Issue 8, 871-878.
Dwiastanti, A. (2015). Financial Literacy as the Foundation for Individual Financial Behavior. Journal of Education and Practice Vol.6,No.33. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1083664.pdf
DOI: 10.1007/s10834-021-09798-w
Fleming, J., & Zegwaard, K. (2018). Methodologies,methods and ethical considerations for conducting research in work integrated learning . International Journal of Work Integrated Learning , 205-213. https://www.ijwil.org/files/IJWIL_19_3_205_213.pdf
Forcheh, N., & Fako, T. (2007). Determinants of effective productivity among service workers:the case of nurses in Botswana. African Journal of Business Management Vol.1:Issue.5, 099-106. https://www.hrhresourcecenter.org/node/3095.html
Grover, V. (2015). Research Approach:An Overview. Golden Research Thoughts Volume 4, 1-8.
DOI: 10.5267/j.msl.2015.11.006
Hasler, A., & Lusardi, A. (2019). Financial fragility among middle-income households:Evidence beyond asset building. https://gflec.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Financial-Fragility-among-Middle-Income-Households-WP-2019-1-v2-3.pdf
Herrity, J. (2022). Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs:Applying it in the Workplace. Career Development.
DOI: 10.1108/JKM-09-2015-0336
DOI: 10.5267/j.ac.2020.12.007
Islam, M., & Eva, S. (2017). Application of Mcgregor's Theory X and Theory Y:Perception of Management toward the Employees in Banking Industry of Bangladesh.
Jerome, N. (2013). Application of the Maslow's hierarchy of need theory;impacts and implications on organizational culture,human resource and employee's performance. International Journal of Business and Management Invention Vol.2:Issue.3, 39-45.
Kaur, S. (2021). Sample Size Determination. International Journal of Current Research Vol.09, 48365-48367.
DOI: 10.3386/w28338
DOI: 10.1177/001316447003000308
DOI: 10.1108/IJBM-10-2022-0475
Kwela, H. (2015). The effectiveness of the personal financial management programme on the financial wellbeing of employees in the department of rural development and land reform in the Pietermaritzburg region. Pretoria: University of Pretoria. https://repository.up.ac.za/items/747a6b56-bc81-4496-8bce-8a6d5622626e
Kwenda, F., & Sihlongonyane, S. (2021). An Analysis of Personal Management Practices among First-Year Students at the University of Eswatini. Journal of Accounting and Management Vol.11,No.3. https://dj.univ-danubius.ro/index.php/JAM/article/view/1303
DOI: 10.1002/9781405164047.ch8
DOI: 10.24912/je.v26i2.752
Lawter, L., Kopelman, R., & Prottas, D. (2015 ). McGregor's Theory X/Y and Job Performance:A Multilevel,Multi-source Analysis. Journal of Managerial Issues Vol.XXVII:Number 1-4, 84-101. http://www.jstor.org/stable/44113685
Lunenburg, F. (2011). Expectancy Theory of Motivation:Motivating by Altering Expectations. International Journal of Mnangement,Business and Administration Vol.15:Number.1.
Lusardi, A., & Scheresberg, D. (2017). Financial capacity and financial literacy among working women:New insights. https://arc.accesslex.org/fe-status/10/
DOI: 10.26685/urncst.16
DOI: 10.26666/rmp.ijbm.2022.6.4
Martines, K. (2015). The Effects of Personal Financial Debt on Employee Job Performance. Arcata. https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/etd/1617
DOI: 10.58809/CUMG4502
DOI: 10.1111/tct.12776
DOI: 10.1108/REGE-10-2019-128
Mokhtar, N., & Husniyah, A. (2017). Determinants of Financial Well-Being among Public Employees in Putrajaya,Malaysia. Pertanika Journals Social Sciences & Humanities Vol.25:Issue.3, 1241-1260. http://www.pertanika.upm.edu.my/pjssh
Molokwane, T. (2019). New public management-in Botswana contemporary issues and lessons. African Journal of Public Affairs Vol.11,Issue.11,Number.1. https://journals.co.za/toc/ajpa/11/1
DOI: 10.5172/jmo.837.14.4.330
Mueller-Bloch, C., & Kranz, J. (2015). A framework for rigorously identifying research gaps in qualitative literature reviews. International Conference on Information Systems. http://aisel.aisnet.org/icis2015/proceedings/ResearchMethods/2/
Muizzuddin, M., Taufik, Ghasarma, R., Putri, L., & Adam, M. (2017). Strategies and Concepts in understanding the Financial Planning with Self-Efficacy Theory and Goal Setting Theory of Motivation. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues Vol.7, 182-188. https://www.econjournals.com/index.php/ijefi/article/view/4792
Muleke, V., & Muriithi, J. (2013). Financial Education on Employees' Financial-Wellbeing in Academia in Tharaka Nithi County in Kenya. European Journal of Business and Management Vol.5:No.15. https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/EJBM/article/download/6215/6319
DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4183343
Natukunda, L. (2016). Employee performance management and control in Africa:The case of a development organisation in Uganda. Sheffield: The University of Sheffield-Faculty of Social Sciences.
DOI: 10.61688/ajpbs.v1i2.52
DOI: 10.24191/ijsms.v3i1.8041
Pallant, J. (2016). SPSS Survival Manual 6th Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
DOI: 10.1353/lib.2006.0050
Rabbior, G. (2018). Money and Youth. Toronto: Canadian Foundation for Economic Education. https://cfee.org/program/money-and-youth/
DOI: 10.19044/elp.v2no2a3
DOI: 10.1177/1534484309332617
DOI: 10.1080/15555240.2020.1833737
DOI: 10.6007/IJARBSS/v7-i8/3274
DOI: 10.15185/izawol.260
Serame, P. (2023). 2023 Budget Speech. Gaborone: Ministry of Finance. https://www.cabri-sbo.org/uploads/bia
Shukla, S. (2020). Concept of Population and Sample. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346426707_CONCEPT_OF_POPULATION
Starcek, S., & Trunk, A. (2013). The meaning and concept of financial education in the society of economic changes. http://www.toknowpress.net/ISBN/978-961-6914-02-4/MakeLearn2013.pdf
Sunday Standard. (2021). Reclaiming the Government. Gaborone: Sunday Standard Newspaper.
DOI: 10.15295/bmij.v8i3.1540
DOI: 10.30564/jmser.v5i1.4538
Tan, S. (2013). Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory on Work Motivation:Does it Works fpr Todays Environment. Global Journal of Commerce and Management Perspective Vol.2, 18-22.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2021.10.015
Trigueros, R. (2019). Research Objectives. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.34292.19844
Uysal, H., Aydemir, S., & Genc, E. (2017). Maslow's hierarchy of needs in 21st century: The examination of vocational differences. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321267309
DOI: 10.19030/iber.v13i6.8934
Vuren, F. (2017). The impact of personal financial wellbeing on total employee cost. South Africa. https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=mEFy0AEACAAJ
Wani, M. (2022). Vroom's Expectancy Theory of Motivation. https://www.scribd.com/document/704248189/
DOI: 10.1186/s40490-016-0071-1
DOI: 10.1201/9781420013276
DOI: 10.7322/jhgd.152198