Credit Enhancement and Performance of Hydroelectric Energy Projects in Kenya
Amolo Elvis Juma Amolo · Charles Mallans Rambo · Charles Misiko Wafula
International Journal of Finance & Banking Studies · 2020 · Vol. 9 / Issue 4 · 47-57
Publication metrics
External links open provider records or DOI searches. Provider counts are not combined. Mendeley readership measures saves, not citations.
Dimensions
Live provider badge. If unavailable, use the Dimensions link above.
Observed 21 Oct 2026, 00:21 UTC
Observed 21 Oct 2026 00:22 UTC
OpenAlex and Mendeley observations refresh on article visits, at most once per 24 hours. Unavailable data is not zero. Google Scholar opens a DOI search.
Citations received by this article, grouped by the year of the citing work. Crossref and OpenAlex lifetime totals remain separate in Publication metrics.
2017–2026 Annual history last updated:
Citations received
OpenAlex · year of the citing work
Hover over a year or focus the chart and use arrow keys to inspect values.
2017–2026 annual-history window. 2026 is year to date. Unknown years have gaps.
View data & coverage
2026 is incomplete. Within a successfully fetched ten-year window, omitted years mean zero. Years beyond a saved observation’s window remain unknown (—). Older citations are excluded, so this chart’s sum may differ from the OpenAlex lifetime total. The date above belongs to this annual history; an unsuccessful refresh keeps the previous observation.
Abstract
Renewable energy investment has been underexploited in Africa and Kenya in specific due to financing constraints arising from investor’s negative perception of the regions high investment risk and low creditworthiness which retards the degree of private capital penetration. The purpose of the study was to assess the extent to which Credit enhancement influence performance of hydroelectric energy projects in Kenya. The study was underpinned on pragmatism paradigm which allows the use of mixed method approach and descriptive correlational survey research design. Structured questionnaires and interview guide were used to collect quantitative and qualitative data from a sample size of 94 participants out of a target population of 94 subjects. Validity test was done on the instruments and a coefficient of 0.775 obtained using Content Validity Index while reliability involved pretesting of the instruments amongst the 10% of the participants and Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.781 obtained. Analysis was done using both descriptive statistic of mean and standard deviation and inferential statistic of Correlation and Regression at a significance level of 0.05 with the aid of SPSS version 25 and thematic content analysis of qualitative data for triangulation. Simple linear regression and Pearson Correlation Coefficient models were used to determine the influence between independent and dependent variable and the result H0: Credit enhancement does not significantly influence performance of hydroelectric energy projects in Kenya was rejected since P=0.000<0.05.Therefore the study concluded that there is significant influence of credit enhancement on performance of hydroelectric energy projects in Kenya. It is recommended that Project management and policy makers should integrate appropriate credit enhancement instruments to improve performance of hydroelectric energy projects besides developing targeted policies for strengthening implementation of the credit enhancement instruments to boost investors and lenders confidence. Further research should be carried out on the determinants influencing effective utilization of credit enhancement in power projects in Kenya.
Keywords: {'name': 'Credit; Energy; Project; Performance'}
Authors & affiliations
Amolo Elvis Juma Amolo
Affiliation not supplied
Charles Mallans Rambo
Affiliation not supplied
Charles Misiko Wafula
Affiliation not supplied
Deposited references
Supplied references, not a list of publications citing this article.
Allen, M.J. and Yen, M.W. (2002). Introduction to measurement theory. Long Grove, IL: Waveland press
Atal, V., Shrimali, G. and Singh, V. (2018). Addressing Off-Taker Risk in Renewable Projects in India: A Framework for Designing a Payment Security Mechanism as a Credit Enhancement Device. Technical paper on Climate Policy Initiative www.climatepolicyinitiative.org
DOI: 10.3844/jssp.2007.106.116
Chakrabartty, S.N. (2011). Measurement of reliability as per definition. In: proceedings of the conference on psychological measurements: Strategies for the new millennium. New Dheli: Indira Gandhi National Open University
DOI: 10.1016/j.erss.2014.07.013
DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.11.020
Clean Bonds Initiative (2017). Green Bonds Highlights 2016. Clean Bonds Initiative. Della
Creswell, J.W. (2013). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing among Five Approaches, 3rd ed. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
DOI: 10.1007/BF02310555
Dhruba, P. (2018). Managing Credit Risk and Improving Access to Finance in Green Energy Projects. ADBI Working Paper 855. Tokyo: Asian Development Bank Institute. Available: https://www.adb.org/publications/managing-credit-risk-improving-access-finance- green-energy-projects
DOI: 10.11113/jt.v74.4646
Frisari, G. and Micale, V. (2015). Risk Mitigation Instruments for Renewable Energy in Developing Countries: A Case Study on Hydropower in Africa. Climate Policy Initiative Report. Available at: www.climatepolicyinitiative.org
Frisari, G., Hervè-Mignucci, M., Micale, V., and Mazza, F. (2013). Risk Gaps: A map of risk mitigation instruments for clean investments. Climate Policy Initiative Report. Available at: www.climatepolicyinitiative.org
G20 (2016). G20 Leaders’ communiqué, Hangzhou summit, 4-5 September. Available: http://www.bmjv.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/EN/G20/G20%20Leaders'%20Communiqu%C3%A9%20 (Hangzhou%20Summit).pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=1 [Accessed 15 September 2019].
Gitone, I. (2014). Determinants of adoption of renewable energy in Kenya. Unpublished research paper in M.A Economics, School of Economics, University of Nairobi.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2015.03.016
DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2494261
IRENA (2016). Unlocking Renewable Energy Investment: Role of Risk Mitigation and Structured Finance. Abu Dhabi: International Renewable Energy Agency.
Kaminker, C., Kawanishi, O., Stewart, F., Caldecott, B., and Howarth, N. (2013). Institutional Investors and Green Infrastructure Investments: Selected Case Studies. OECD Working Papers on Finance, Insurance and Private Pensions, No. 35.
Kathuri, N.J. and Pals, D.A. (1993). Introduction to educational research. Njoro: Egerton University.
Kothari C. (2003). Research methodology, methods and Techniques. New Delhi: Wisha Prakshan.
DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/16/1/012050
Ministry of Energy (2020c). Kenya Sustainable Energy for All Action Agenda. Kenya.
Mutua, J., Waiganjo, E. and Oteyo, I. (2014). The Influence of Contract Management on Performance of Outsourced Projects in Medium Manufacturing Enterprises in Nairobi County, Kenya. International Journal of Business and Social Science, Vol. 5, No. 9(1); August 2014
DOI: 10.1787/instinv-2013-en
Ofori-Kuragu, J., Baiden, B., and Badu, E. (2016). Key Performance Indicators for Project Success in Ghanaian Contractors. International Journal of construction engineering and management 2016, 5(1): 1-10
DOI: 10.3390/en12020242
DOI: 10.1080/15435075.2016.1261704
DOI: 10.1596/28073
DOI: 10.1061/9780784479377.111
Teddlie, C., and Tashakkori, A. (2009). Foundations of mixed methods research. CA: Sage Publications.
Wambugu, L.N, Kyalo, N.D, Mbii, M, and Nyonje, R.O. (2015). Research methods theory and practice. Kenya: Aura Publishers
Waweru, E. and Rambo, C. (2017). Factors influencing effective hydroelectric power supply generation in Kenya; a case of Kindaruma power station project in Machakos County. Unpublished research report
DOI: 10.1162/ADEV_a_00050