Impacts of military expenditure and corruption on inclusive growth of emerging countries

Abstract

In this study, the authors contribute to the existing literature by examining the impacts of military expenditure and corruption on inclusive growth in emerging countries. The focus is on Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) countries as a case study covering the period 1960 to 2018. The study uses using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) estimation technique subdivided under two distinct phrases of Cold war and post-Cold war eras. Data used in this study are yearly data, covering 1960 – 2018 period and further subdivided into cold war and Post war era. Using ARDL, the results indicate military expenditure has negative effect on inclusive growth during cold war period. Even during the post-cold war period, which represents a phrase of low external threats to BRICS countries, military expenditure is found to have a negative impact on inclusive growth, and the result is statistically insignificant. The study contributes to the understanding of influence of Inclusive growth on military expenditure for emerging and developed bloc economies like BRICS. This study innovates by using ARDL to find out the impact of military expenditure in attaining an apex inclusive growth in developing economies like BRICS countries.

Keywords: {'name': 'Military expenditure'}, {'name': 'inclusive growth'}, {'name': 'emerging countries'}

Authors & affiliations

Oladotun Larry Anifowose
Affiliation not supplied

Bibi Z. Chummun
Affiliation not supplied

Deposited references

Supplied references, not a list of publications citing this article.

DOI: 10.1046/j.0013-0133.2003.00171.x

DOI: 10.1080/09638190600689095

DOI: 10.1080/10242694.2013.857449

DOI: 10.1080/10430719008404675

DOI: 10.1177/0095327X8901500208

DOI: 10.1086/261726

DOI: 10.1177/106591296601900410

DOI: 10.1016/0165-1765(86)90068-6

Beland, L. P., & Tiagi, R. (2009). Economic freedom and the “resource curse”: An empirical analysis. Fraser Institute Studies in Mining Policy.

DOI: 10.1086/451015

Bologna Pavlik, J. (2018). A brief overview of corruption: A look at causes, effects, and solutions. Global Security Studies, 9(1), 30–38.

DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1385576

DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-8897-9.ch028

DOI: 10.1080/09718923.2013.11893148

DOI: 10.1080/10242694.2015.1060022

DOI: 10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400223

DOI: 10.1007/s11127-011-9871-2

DOI: 10.1080/10242690500167791

DOI: 10.1080/10242694.2011.562370

Hewitt, D., & Van Rijckeghem, C. (1995). Wage policy and corruption: A comparative analysis of corruption in developing countries. IMF Working Paper.

DOI: 10.1108/AJEMS-01-2013-0002

DOI: 10.1007/BF01047869

DOI: 10.1177/000276426400800303

DOI: 10.1017/S0022278X00023636

DOI: 10.1016/0165-1765(86)90093-5

DOI: 10.1086/261329

DOI: 10.2307/2946696

DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2009.06.004

DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2012.05.003

DOI: 10.1002/jae.616

Rose-Ackerman, S. (1997). The political economy of corruption. In K. A. Elliott (Ed.), Corruption and the global economy (pp. 31–60). Institute for International Economics.

DOI: 10.1080/10430710108404977

DOI: 10.1086/451930

DOI: 10.2307/3867585

DOI: 10.1016/S0304-3878(01)00139-0

DOI: 10.1016/j.chieco.2012.03.003

DOI: 10.1080/10242694.2010.533905