Regulatory sandboxes and innovation hubs: Evaluating cryptocurrency governance in Sub-Saharan Africa
Tshilidzi Eric Nenzhelele · Murembiwa Justice Mashau ORCID ↗
International Journal of Business Ecosystem & Strategy · 2026 · Vol. 7 / Issue 6 · 303-329
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Observed 21 Oct 2026, 00:14 UTC
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Abstract
This study evaluates Sub-Saharan African bitcoin governance models using regulatory sandboxes. 180 relevant studies were synthesised using PRISMA (2021–2025). The discovery, screening, eligibility, and inclusion phases of the research identified noteworthy trends and findings. Analysing study findings into prominent patterns and key themes deepens this investigation. Sandboxes in South Africa, Nigeria, Kenya, and Ghana provide controlled testing of blockchain ideas but suffer regulatory fragmentation, algorithmic prejudice, and monopolistic behaviour. Governance hurdles and diffusion dynamics are examined using TOE and DOI frameworks. It presents inclusive, adaptive, and internationally aligned sandbox governance rules. The article offers evidence-based ways to balance innovation, financial stability, and consumer protection to inform legislation.
Keywords: {'name': 'Blockchain; Cryptocurrency; financial institutions; Governance; Innovation; Regulatory sandbox; Technology'}
Authors & affiliations
Tshilidzi Eric Nenzhelele
University of South Africa
Murembiwa Justice Mashau
University of South Africa
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