Developing a framework of non-academic staff motivation at a state university in Zimbabwe
Regis Misheal Muchowe ORCID ↗ · Ashnee Rajlal · Anos Chitamba
International Journal of Business Ecosystem & Strategy · 2025 · Vol. 7 / Issue 5 · 144-153
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Observed 21 Oct 2026, 00:14 UTC
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Abstract
Investigations into establishing a framework for incentivising non-academic personnel in universities have been scarce. The research sought to establish a paradigm for motivating non-academic personnel in institutions. The study was informed by Herzberg’s two-factor theory and Adams’ equitable theory of motivation. The research employed a quantitative methodology, wherein a sample of 216 non-academic personnel at the Zimbabwe Open University filled out closed-ended questionnaires. Data analysis was conducted with SPSS version 30.0. The resulting framework details the obstacles, intrinsic motivators, extrinsic motivators, and performance outcomes of university non-academic personnel. The report advises colleges to utilise the framework to create motivational programs for non-academic personnel.
Keywords: {'name': 'extrinsic motivation'}, {'name': 'intrinsic motivation'}, {'name': 'motivation'}, {'name': 'non-academic staff'}, {'name': 'state university'}
Authors & affiliations
Regis Misheal Muchowe
Durban University of Technology
Ashnee Rajlal
Durban University of Technology
Anos Chitamba
Durban University of Technology
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