Capability of Career: Linking Employee Development and Perceived Growth in the Zimbabwean Workforce
Andrew Kanjanda · Tebogo Molotsi ORCID ↗ · Jeremy Mitonga-Monga
International Journal of Business Ecosystem & Strategy · 2026 · Vol. 8 / Issue 5 · 76-85
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Abstract
The transition from informal to formal economy represents a fundamental transformation in how organisations manage their human resources, especially regarding employee training and development. This study explores how formalisation reshapes training and development practices in Zimbabwean business enterprises, focusing on the link between enhanced employee capabilities and perceived career growth opportunities. Drawing on an interpretive phenomenological study of 25 participants, including employees, HR managers, business owners/executives and policymakers from organisations that have formalised their operations within the past five years, the research captures lived experiences of training transformation across manufacturing, retail, hospitality, construction, mining and transport sectors. The findings reveal a significant shift from unstructured, experiential learning characterised by “trial and error” and peer observation to systematic, structured training programmes including formal induction, technical upskilling, safety compliance workshops, customer service training and regular refresher courses. Crucially, formalisation has made it possible for long-term career advancement through employer-funded external certifications, nationally recognised qualifications, leadership development and clear progression pathways. However, challenges persist including uneven access to training across departments, resource constraints affecting training frequency and difficulty balancing productivity with development activities. With implications for practice and policy in transitioning economies, the study provides empirical data on how formalisation changes human capital development from a survival mechanism to a strategic career-enabling function.
Keywords: {'name': 'Training and development, formalisation, career growth, human capital, Zimbabwe workforce, informal economy'}
Authors & affiliations
Andrew Kanjanda
University of South Africa
Tebogo Molotsi
University of South Africa
Jeremy Mitonga-Monga
University of South Africa
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