Art of War and Its Implications on Marketing Strategies: Thinking like a Warrior
Filiz Bozkurt Bekoglu · Ahu Ergen
International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science · 2014 · Vol. 3 / Issue 3 · 37-47
Publication metrics
External links open provider records or DOI searches. Provider counts are not combined. Mendeley readership measures saves, not citations.
Dimensions
Live provider badge. If unavailable, use the Dimensions link above.
Observed 21 Oct 2026, 07:22 UTC
Observed 22 Oct 2026 02:02 UTC
Observed 22 Oct 2026 02:02 UTC
OpenAlex and Mendeley observations refresh on article visits, at most once per 24 hours. Unavailable data is not zero. Google Scholar opens a DOI search.
Citations received by this article, grouped by the year of the citing work. Crossref and OpenAlex lifetime totals remain separate in Publication metrics.
2017–2026 Annual history last updated:
Citations received
OpenAlex · year of the citing work
Hover over a year or focus the chart and use arrow keys to inspect values.
2017–2026 annual-history window. 2026 is year to date. Unknown years have gaps.
View data & coverage
2026 is incomplete. Within a successfully fetched ten-year window, omitted years mean zero. Years beyond a saved observation’s window remain unknown (—). Older citations are excluded, so this chart’s sum may differ from the OpenAlex lifetime total. The date above belongs to this annual history; an unsuccessful refresh keeps the previous observation.
Abstract
Throughout the evolution of marketing, as a result of increasing competition, there has been a shift from a production oriented approach to a marketing oriented approach. Strategic thinking that gives companies an advantage over their competitors gained importance. By the end of the 1980s, experts studying strategy looked back into rich military literature to find some basic principles to help them define strategies for today’s business environment. In this period warfare and its similarities with the business world were a great inspiration for marketers. The aim of this study is to show the relation between marketing strategies and military strategies. This exploratory research used secondary data. It is expected that, in the twenty-first century’s highly competitive conditions, this study will give marketers a different point of strategic view and contribute to marketing literature.
Keywords: {'name': 'Military Strategies'}, {'name': 'Marketing Strategies'}, {'name': 'Marketing Warfare'}
Authors & affiliations
Filiz Bozkurt Bekoglu
Affiliation not supplied
Ahu Ergen
Affiliation not supplied
Deposited references
Supplied references, not a list of publications citing this article.
Bogdan, C.G., Gabriela, C.L., Alina, C. (2008). To the edge of marketing warfare. Applying military strategies in a company from the mobile Telecommunication sector in Romania. Annals of the University of Oradea, Economic Science Series, 17(4): 155-159.
Clausewitz, C. (1989). On War. Princeton University Press.
Çınar, B. Savaş Tarihinde Saldiri Savunma İlişkisi, http://www.paradoxfan.com/forum/index.php?topic=3667.0, Access: 07.02.2014.
Ergen, A. (2011). Stratejik Düşünce Yaratma: Mavi Okyanusa Yelken Açma, Pazarlama ve Pazarlama Araştırmaları Derneği Dergisi, 4(7).
DOI: 10.2307/1251151
DOI: 10.1108/02634509710155651
Ilıcak, G., Özgül, R. (2005). Sun Tzu Savas Sanatina Gore Marka Pazar Stratejilerinin Belirlenmesi. Journal of Kultur University, 1, 95-105.
İslamoğlu, A.H. (2008). Pazarlama Yonetimi. Beta Basim A.S.
Kafesoğlu, İ. (1989). Turk Milli Kulturu. Bogazici Yayinlari, Istanbul.
DOI: 10.1177/002224296002400306
Kotler, P., Singh, R. (1981) Marketing warfare in the 1980’s, Journal of Business Strategy, 1(3): 30-41.
Koçel, T. (2010). İşletme Yöneticiliği, Beta Yayınları.
Kotler, P., Keller, K.L. (2009). Marketing Management. Pearson Education, 13th ed.
Levinson, J.C. (1985). Guerrilla Marketing. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company.
DOI: 10.1300/J111V04N04_07
DOI: 10.1080/09652540500338378
Moriya, H. (2008). The 36 Secret Strategies of the Martial Arts: The Classic Chinese Guide for Success in War, Business and Life, Kodansha International.
Oxenfeldt, A.R., Moore, W.L. (1978). Customer Or Competitor: Which Guideline For Marketing?. Management Review, August, 43-48.
Porter, M. (1996). What is Strategy?, Harvard Business Review, November-December.
DOI: 10.1108/02634509510094174
Ries, A. and Trout, J. (2005). Marketing Warfare. McGraw-Hill Companies.
Tarihin En Etkili 4 Askeri Stratejisi, Anonymous, http://www.frmtr.com/tarih/3142444-tarihin-en-etkili-4-askeri-stratejisi.html, Access: 07.02.2014.
Tek, Ö.B. (1999). Pazarlama İlkeleri, Global Yönetimsel Yaklaşım Turkiye Uygulamalaıi. Beta Yayınları, İstanbul.
DOI: 10.1002/dir.4000010311
Trout, J. (2005). Konumlandırma Stratejileri, Optimist Yayınları, Istanbul.
Ullman, H.K., Wade, J.P. (1996). Shock and Awe. Prepared by Defense Group Inc. For The National Defense University, http://www.dodccrp.org/files/Ullman_Shock.pdf, Access: 07.02.2014.