International Journal of Finance & Banking Studies

In the past decade, Southeast Asia has seen the development of financial inclusion, as evidenced by the growth of the penetration, availability, and usage dimensions of financial inclusion. This study analyses the impact financial inclusion has on economic growth, represented by GDP per capita growth, and unemployment using data from Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines, and Cambodia. The authors employed panel data regression with fixed effect and random effect models to analyse the data. The results show that the number of commercial bank branches and outstanding loans statistically significantly affect GDP per capita growth, while the number of saving/deposit accounts does not. All three variables are shown to have a statistically significant impact on unemployment.

This study aims to analyze the feasibility of investment in the framework of implementing cooperation in the utilization of assets or goods owned by the local government using descriptive semi-qualitative methods. In conducting the analysis, researchers used the investment feasibility approach is the Net Present Value (NPV) method to measure the present value of the expected net cash flow of a project, Internal Rate of Return (IRR) is the discount rate that makes the NPV of the project zero, Profitability Index (PI) to measure the relationship between the present value of net cash flow and initial investment and Payback Period (PP) is the period of time required to recover the initial investment from net cash flow. In addition, in order to develop tourism potential, researchers use the Segmenting Targeting Positioning (STP) strategy, which is an approach used by companies to understand their markets better and develop effective marketing strategies. The results prove that the cooperation plan for the utilization of assets or goods owned by the local government with partners as investors is feasible because it produces additional net cash flow during the project with a positive present value, and the rate of return on the net value of cash flow during the project is greater than the BI Rate and the benefits received from tourism development are more profitable than the costs incurred during the project. In addition, the time span required for payback is shorter than the project period. As an effort to increase tourism revenue and visitors, the Segmenting Targeting Positioning strategy is used.

This research aims to contribute to solving the problem of tax evasion, by examine the impact of shareholders, intellectual capital, auditor reputation, and level of liabilities on tax evasion. The population is taken from manufacturing companies operating in consumer goods from 2017 to 2021 at IDX (Indonesia). The sample was selected using purposive sampling method. The dependent variable of this research is tax evasion. The independent variables are: type of shareholders, intellectual capital, auditor reputation and level of liabilities. The data analysis technique uses multiple linear regression, and it is processed using statistical software. The results found that domestic private shareholder, foreign private, the government, and individuals’ share holder have a significant negative impact on the Earnings Tax Ratio (ETR), which is a proxy for tax evasion. This means that all types of shareholders seek to avoid taxes, even in state-owned enterprises. Tax avoidance in Indonesia is difficult to eradicate because it is carried out by various parties, specifically tax officers, tax consultants, and taxpayers. The discussion of this research is limited to various factors that influence tax evasion. Subsequent research can identify how much the state loses due to tax evasion, which is carried out by tax officers, consultants, or by taxpayers. This research found that all types of owners avoid taxes. This can be prevented if the Indonesian government can 1) enforce the law, 2) increase the trust of taxpayers, 3) avoid showing off the luxurious life of tax officials and their families. 4) uphold honesty and avoid corrupt behaviour.

Modern retail businesses in Indonesia are growing rapidly thanks to open market opportunities, manufacturing businesses that support product supply, and government support for economic growth through retail development. The purpose of this study is to determine the intrinsic value of shares of companies engaged in the food and staples retail sub-sector which in this case is represented by PT. Sumber Alfaria Trijaya, Tbk. (AMRT), PT. Diamond Food Indonesia, Tbk. (DMND), PT.  Midi Utama Indonesia, Tbk. (MIDI), PT. Enseval Putera Megatrading, Tbk. (EPMT), and PT. Millenium Pharmacon Internatioanl, Tbk. (SDPC) listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). This research uses historical data for 2018-2022 which will be used as the basis for projections for 2023-2027. The results showed that by using the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) method, specifically the Free Cash Flow to Firm (FCFF) approach, under an optimistic scenario, the intrinsic values of AMRT, SDPC, and DMND were undervalued. EPMT and MIDI stocks are overvalued. In the moderate scenario, the intrinsic values of AMRT, MIDI, EPMT, and DMND are overvalued, while SDPC is undervalued. Calculations on a pessimistic scenario, all companies studied are overvalued. In this study, the valuation of stocks was also conducted using the Relative Valuation (RV) method with the Price to Earnings Ratio (PER) and Price to Book Value (PBV) approaches. In an optimistic scenario, the stocks of AMRT, MIDI, and SDPC are considered expensive, while EPMT and DMND are seen cheap. In a moderat scenario, the stocks AMRT, EPMT, and SDPC are considered undervalued, while MIDI and DMND are seen expensive. In a pessimistic scenario, it is observed that AMRT, EPMT, and SDPC are undervalued, whereas MIDI and DMND are considered overvalued. This research aims to provide an objective assessment of the company, which investors can use to consider investments and by companies to enhance corporate value.

Banks are a high-risk industry, which is regulated by the government through the Financial Services Authority (FSA), so bank management must be very careful in managing banks so that risks can be controlled. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of bank risk and third party funds on bank performance. Bank performance is measured by return on assets (ROA), while bank risk consists of operating risk which is measured by operating expenses to operating income ratio (EIR), liquidity risk is measured by loan to deposit ratio (LDR), capital risk is measured by capital adequacy ratio (CAR), and credit risk is measured by non-performing loans (NPL), and third party funds (TPF) are measured by the natural log of total credit. The research population consisted of 46 banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange with a sample of 24 banks taken using a purposive sampling technique. The data collection period is four years with quarterly data (2019-2022). To test the hypothesis used panel data regression. After testing the model with the Chow-test and Hausman-test, the best regression model is the fixed effect model. The results of research using the fixed effect model show that operating risk (EIR) has a significant and negative effect on bank performance, while liquidity risk (LDR) has a significant positive effect on bank performance. Meanwhile, the capital adequacy ratio (CAR), non-performing loans (NPL), and third party funds (TPF) have no effect on bank performance.

This exploration aims to test and dissect factors that impact bank fiscal performance and their impact on shareholder tips. The variables used are E-Banking, credit handed as an independent variable, and ROE as a dependent variable. This exploration also looks at the influence of ROE on shareholder tips proxied by the DPR. This exploration was conducted in all BPDs in Sumatra, there are 8 BPDs registered with the OJK during the 2019 – 2022 period. The exploration system used was descriptive exploration with a quantitative exploration approach. Data recycling analysis uses multiple and simple retrogression analyses. The exploration results show that E-Banking and the credit handed have a significant influence on ROE, both concertedly and collectively. Meanwhile, fiscal performance (ROE) also influences shareholder tips (DPR).

The Covid-19 pandemic has hit the world since the end of 2019 and has damaged the world economy, including Indonesia. Banking as a financial institution that provides funding to companies is also affected. Because the pandemic has reduced the company's performance, and this decline in performance has had an impact on banking. The aim of this research is to test whether the Covid-19 pandemic has an impact on the relationship between risk factors and bank performance. Bank performance is measured by profitability which consists of return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE), while bank risk in this study consists of credit risk, liquidity risk, capital, operational risk and the Covid-19 pandemic. The population in this research is the Regional Development Banks (BPD) in Indonesia totaling 34 banks with a sample of 30 banks. The observation period was 4 years with quarterly data so that 320 observation data were collected. Hypothesis testing uses panel data regression, and to select the best regression model, the model will be tested using the Chow-test, Hausman-test, and Lagrange Multiplier test. After the model test was carried out, the fixed effect model was selected as the best model. The research results show that credit risk and operational risk have a significant and negative influence on all profitability, both ROA and ROE. Meanwhile, liquidity risk (LDR) has no effect on both types of profitability, while capital has an effect on ROE but has no effect on ROA. Another interesting result is that the Covid-19 pandemic has no impact on the influence of risk on bank performance.

This research aims to see to how far extent the user interface and user experience an impact on consumer have purchasing decisions through E-Impulse Buying. The correspondents of this study were IKIP PGRI Samarinda students who were active in online purchases through the Shopee application with a usage time of 0-6 years and between 18-24 years of age. The total sample is 131 respondents using purposive sampling method. Research data comes from questionnaires distributed using Google Forms or Manually. The data analysis technique uses path analysis through the SPSS 22 program. The results found show that the user interface and user experience have an impact on purchasing decisions directly, the user interface has an impact on purchasing decisions through E-Impulse Buying, and User Experience has no Impact on decisions purchase through E-Impulse Buying.  

This study aims to analyze the feasibility of investment in the framework of implementing cooperation in the utilization of assets or goods owned by the local government using descriptive semi-qualitative methods. In conducting the analysis, researchers used the investment feasibility approach is the Net Present Value (NPV) method to measure the present value of the expected net cash flow of a project, Internal Rate of Return (IRR) is the discount rate that makes the NPV of the project zero, Profitability Index (PI) to measure the relationship between the present value of net cash flow and initial investment and Payback Period (PP) is the period of time required to recover the initial investment from net cash flow. In addition, in order to develop tourism potential, researchers use the Segmenting Targeting Positioning (STP) strategy, which is an approach used by companies to understand their markets better and develop effective marketing strategies. The results prove that the cooperation plan for the utilization of assets or goods owned by the local government with partners as investors is feasible because it produces additional net cash flow during the project with a positive present value, and the rate of return on the net value of cash flow during the project is greater than the BI Rate and the benefits received from tourism development are more profitable than the costs incurred during the project. In addition, the time span required for payback is shorter than the project period. As an effort to increase tourism revenue and visitors, the Segmenting Targeting Positioning strategy is used.

Modern retail businesses in Indonesia are growing rapidly thanks to open market opportunities, manufacturing businesses that support product supply, and government support for economic growth through retail development. The purpose of this study is to determine the intrinsic value of shares of companies engaged in the food and staples retail sub-sector which in this case is represented by PT. Sumber Alfaria Trijaya, Tbk. (AMRT), PT. Diamond Food Indonesia, Tbk. (DMND), PT.  Midi Utama Indonesia, Tbk. (MIDI), PT. Enseval Putera Megatrading, Tbk. (EPMT), and PT. Millenium Pharmacon Internatioanl, Tbk. (SDPC) listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). This research uses historical data for 2018-2022 which will be used as the basis for projections for 2023-2027. The results showed that by using the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) method, specifically the Free Cash Flow to Firm (FCFF) approach, under an optimistic scenario, the intrinsic values of AMRT, SDPC, and DMND were undervalued. EPMT and MIDI stocks are overvalued. In the moderate scenario, the intrinsic values of AMRT, MIDI, EPMT, and DMND are overvalued, while SDPC is undervalued. Calculations on a pessimistic scenario, all companies studied are overvalued. In this study, the valuation of stocks was also conducted using the Relative Valuation (RV) method with the Price to Earnings Ratio (PER) and Price to Book Value (PBV) approaches. In an optimistic scenario, the stocks of AMRT, MIDI, and SDPC are considered expensive, while EPMT and DMND are seen cheap. In a moderat scenario, the stocks AMRT, EPMT, and SDPC are considered undervalued, while MIDI and DMND are seen expensive. In a pessimistic scenario, it is observed that AMRT, EPMT, and SDPC are undervalued, whereas MIDI and DMND are considered overvalued. This research aims to provide an objective assessment of the company, which investors can use to consider investments and by companies to enhance corporate value.