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This study was deliberately designed to empirically examine how Artificial Intelligence (AI) enhances supply chain performance within Tanzanian brewery companies, addressing a critical gap between global theoretical potential and local practical realities. Using a mixed-methods, embedded single-case study approach, data were collected from 86 participants at Tanzania Breweries Limited (TBL) through questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and focus group discussions. The findings revealed a fragmented yet influential adoption landscape, where tools like predictive analytics and machine learning significantly boosted service quality and certain efficiency measures; however, these benefits were notably limited by organizational resistance, weak data governance, and major external infrastructural barriers. As an original contribution, this study offers fresh, context-specific insights into the socio-technical dynamics of AI adoption in a lesser-studied Tanzanian industrial setting. Practically, managers are urged to prioritize core investments in change management and data integrity, while socially, effective integration can promote market stability and skills growth, contributing to wider socioeconomic progress. In conclusion, the study emphasizes that AI’s transformative promise is not assured by technology alone but depends on strong internal capacity and a supportive external environment. A noted limitation is the single-case focus, which may restrict generalization across other industries. Therefore, it is recommended that firms adopt a phased implementation strategy grounded in solid data governance and pilot projects, while fostering public-private partnerships to address the broader external challenges slowing digital transformation.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices of privately owned mining companies have been argued to create benefits to communities’ wellbeing in areas of their operation. However, little is known on the CSR of partly owned government mining companies. Therefore, this paper ought to: examined the contribution of CSR practices of the North Mara Gold Mine in Tanzania to the wellbeing of communities living around the mine. Specifically, it examined and compared levels of household wellbeing before and after the implementation of CSR practices. The study used cross sectional research design and involved 358 households which were selected using systematic random sampling method. The wellbeing index was used to measure levels of wellbeing. Besides, the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was used to compare wellbeing levels before and after the implementation of the CSR practices. The results revealed that the CSR practices of the North Mara Gold Mine company enabled people to own improved quality housing and valuable assets. Also, the household wellbeing index score was significantly higher after the implementation of the CSR practices. There was a significant difference in wellbeing levels (p<0.001) before and after the implementation of CSR practices. It is recommended that CSR plans to be integrated into company business operations and carefully monitored, evaluated and strictly audited regularly for effective community development.

This study examines the role of training and development in enhancing work engagement and service quality in rural public health facilities in Tanzania. Grounded in Social Exchange Theory, Job Demands-Resources Theory, and the SERVQUAL model, the study adopts a positivist paradigm, a deductive approach, and a cross-sectional survey design. Data were collected from 285 respondents across 63 health centers and dispensaries using self-administered questionnaires. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed for data analysis. The findings reveal that training and development significantly enhance work engagement, which in turn positively influences service quality. Furthermore, work engagement partially mediates the relationship between training and development and service quality, highlighting its pivotal role in translating employee development initiatives into improved service outcomes. These results underscore the importance of investing in training and development programs to foster employee work engagement and enhance service quality in rural health facilities. The study provides valuable insights for policymakers and healthcare administrators aiming to improve healthcare delivery in resource-constrained settings.

This study investigates the effects of revenue enhancement plans (REPs) on revenue collection performance in Tanzanian local government authorities (LGAs), focusing on Mwanza City Council, Manyara Urban Council, and Mbeya City Council. The research adopts a mixed approach, collecting data from 400 respondents using a multistage sampling technique. The data were analyzed using a multivariate ordered probit model. The results reveal that reducing revenue leakage and improving revenue forecasting accuracy significantly enhance revenue collection performance. Specifically, the coefficient for revenue leakage was -1.221 for effectiveness (p<0.01) and -1.59 for increment (p<0.01), indicating a strong negative impact on performance. In contrast, accurate revenue forecasting positively impacted effectiveness (1.390, p<0.01) and increment (0.516, p<0.01). The model also showed that high implementation costs negatively impacted revenue growth (increment: -1.634, p<0.05). Compliance was found to positively influence reliability (1.533, p<0.01) and efficiency (1.029, p<0.01), underlining the importance of adherence to regulations. The results also highlighted the need for cost management strategies, as implementation costs and leakages hinder revenue growth and efficiency. The study recommends policy measures such as adopting digital solutions to reduce revenue leakages, investing in forecasting tools, and strengthening compliance mechanisms to optimize revenue collection and improve financial sustainability.

This study examined the impact of Green Human Resource Management (Green HRM) practices on promoting decent work conditions in Ilala Municipal, Tanzania. Specifically, the research focused on key indicators of decent work, including fair wages, a safe working environment, social protection, job security, and respect and dignity in the workplace. The study employed a mixed-method approach, combining both quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews, to gather insights on the extent to which Green HRH aligned with Decent works Data were collected from 120 respondents, including employees and HR managers from the public and private sectors, as well as HR professionals from the industrial, service, and retail sectors. The findings revealed that the implementation of Green HRM practices, such as environmental training, sustainable recruitment, eco-friendly workplace policies, and performance appraisal for sustainability, positively influenced decent work conditions. Employees expressed higher levels of job satisfaction, work-life balance, health and safety, and opportunities for growth. The study concluded that Green HRM not only fosters environmental sustainability but also enhances employee well-being by promoting a supportive and secure work environment. Recommendations include strengthening employee engagement in green initiatives, improving health and safety measures, expanding social protection, and promoting a culture of respect and dignity. The study contributes to the growing body of literature on the intersection of sustainability and human resource management and suggests areas for future research, including the role of digital transformation and sector-specific analyses of Green HRM practices.

In recent times, the use of mobile banking has expanded significantly in Tanzania, but its impact on Savings and Credit Cooperative Society (SACCOS) purposes are still uncertain. This study examined mobile banking's effects on Tanzania's SACCOS, using a quantitative research approach. Purposive sampling was employed to select three SACCOS offering electronic banking services in Dar es Salaam and Kilimanjaro regions, with a total sample size of 64 employees and supplemented them with secondary data from 2020 to 2024 from SACCOS reports and financial statements. Statistical analysis was used to describe mobile banking usage and regression analysis was performed to evaluate the correlation between mobile banking usage and return on assets (ROA). The results showed a favourable correlation between mobile banking and performance (ROA), mobile banking was favorably viewed for improving accessibility and efficiency. Mobile banking positively affects SACCOS in Tanzania by offering and enhancing new ways of addressing financial barriers. Emphasizing the need for SACCOS to adopt the evolving technological innovations and other electronic banking features. Despite the existing challenges, SACCOS continually strive to minimize such challenges. The study recommends that SACCOS should set up robust customer support systems to address technical and security issues, streamlined regulatory compliance and mitigate the challenges associated with the adoption of mobile banking. This conclusion emphasizes the dual need for technological advancement and organizational support to fully leverage mobile banking as a tool for financial growth and inclusion in cooperative societies.

Writing and publishing scientific and rigorous work needs a high level of integrity and adherence to ethical guidelines. Several publications have been rejected by authentic journals as a result of not adhering to a deontological standpoint. This laxity has posed deadly repercussions to the beholder including ruining its institutional image in academic scholarship. Notwithstanding, numerous writers are acquainted with the consequences of not observing ethical standards in research and publication, yet in trying to put up their pieces of work get caught in the same quandary. Anchored on a thematically oriented review of literature, it was imperative to try to explain the key ethical misconduct bases in research and publication. To fulfil this quest many journal articles were analysed. It was found that numerous aspects form the basis for misconduct in research and publication including; the pressure to ‘publish or perish’, the limitation of mentorship and guidance programs, knowledge on research and publication, promotion and academic advancement, competition among colleagues, workload pressure, financial motives, pressure from individual morality, and the challenge of research culture. Consequently, it is imperative to note that to publish a scholarly piece of work, adhering to ethical standards is non-negotiable.

This study assessed the impact of improved urban road network on financial performance of Small and Medium Enterprises focusing in Dodoma, Tanzania. The study employed a cross sectional research design where by a sample of 89 SMEs from the selected three wards in Dodoma city was used to draw the conclusion. Qualitative data collected through questionnaires were analyzed using content analysis while quantitative data analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. The key findings from the study include: i) accessible roads to customers toward SME were having positive influence to SMEs performance ii) market accessibility by customers and consumers was the key factor in improving SMEs financial performance in Dodoma city and lastly, an effective time management and improved transportation of goods and services were positive related to the amount of sales revenue generated by SMEs. The conclusion is drawn to improve the urban road networks as among of the key factors in improving the performance of SMEs in Dodoma city by increasing sales and profit. It is therefore recommended that, the government and other stakeholders in the construction sector should continue to improve urban road networks and start offering basic business and financial management skills which would enable SMEs owners to make informed investment decisions as well as enhance their entrepreneurial skills which will facilitate in recognizing and exploiting the available business opportunities.

Land distribution is a key factor in income inequality in rural areas of developing countries. This study examines the impact of land tenure security on household income and its distribution in Iringa district, Tanzania, focusing on the Certificate of Customary Right of Occupation (CCRO). Using a quasi-experimental design and Propensity Score Matching, 404 respondents were randomly selected and divided into groups with and without CCROs. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected through surveys and in-depth interviews. Analysis using SPSS/STATA revealed that households with CCROs had higher agricultural yields, sales, and lower production costs. They also invested more in modern farming techniques and soil conservation, leading to higher incomes and reduced income inequality. Despite over 50,000 CCROs issued, credit access remains limited due to a lack of awareness and additional collateral requirements. The study concludes that secure land rights are vital for economic growth and poverty alleviation. Recommendations include increasing awareness about CCROs, facilitating their use as collateral, and exploring barriers to credit access for CCRO holders. Further research is needed to address these challenges.

The existing body of literature on e-procurement adoption has not adequately predicted the direct and indirect impact of performance expectancy and effort expectancy on the usage behavior of e-procurement system through the attitude of users. This paper focuses on analyzing the direct and indirect effects of various factors that influence the usage behavior of e-procurement systems in Tanzania. The paper was guided by the Social Information Processing (SIP) theory, the Affect Infusion Model (AIM), and the modified Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). The paper also used a deductive perspective and an explanatory cross-sectional survey research approach. A stratified sampling technique was used to identify 383 respondents (buyers and suppliers) that use the e-procurement system. Data gathering was conducted via the use of a documentary review and questionnaire. Inferential statistical analysis was conducted using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling, with the assistance of SmartPLS 4 software. The results indicate that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and attitude significantly influence positively the usage behavior of the e-procurement system (p value<0.05). The paper finds that the behavior of buyers and suppliers, after the adoption of an e-procurement system, is indirectly impacted by the system's performance expectancy and effort expectancy, via their positive attitudes. The results of this study confirm the usefulness of the proposed research model in directing management decision-making, particularly in determining the importance of investment considerations when implementing or improving an e-procurement system.

The adoption of e-procurement systems in developing countries is progressing slowly due to several challenges and barriers. Likewise, the adoption of e-procurement systems has been extensively studied, with research focusing on direct effects of factors like transparency and compatibility. This research aimed to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of relative advantage and performance expectancy on the adoption of e-procurement systems by combining components from the Technology, Organization, and Environment model with a modified Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. This was accomplished by analyzing the function of attitude as a mediator and the legal framework as a moderator in the suggested study model. This study used a cross-sectional survey research design, together with a stratified sampling technique, to acquire a sample size of 367 respondents. The data were acquired via the distribution of questionnaires and the examination of relevant documents. The collected data underwent descriptive analysis using IBM SPSS statistics version 26, and inferential analysis was performed using PLS-SEM with the assistance of SmartPLS 4 software. The study's results validate a significant statistical moderating impact of the legal framework on the relationship between performance expectancy and attitude towards adoption of e-procurement system. On the other hand, adoption of e-procurement system is impacted by performance expectancy and relative advantage, which have both direct and indirect significances. Attitudes have a direct impact on the adoption of e-procurement system. This study proposes that future research should include respondents from several countries to improve the applicability of the suggested model.

The recruitment functions of human resources have transitioned from a conventional paper-based system to utilizing the internet through electronic recruitment portals. Electronic recruitment is widely recognized as a strategy that organizations utilize to attract people who possess the necessary education, experience, and abilities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the factors that influence job-seekers' utilization of e-recruitment platforms for job applications in the public sector of Tanzania. The study employed a cross-sectional survey approach to gather both quantitative and qualitative data from Dodoma City. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data from 384 job applicants. The interview method was used to acquire qualitative data from ICT officials of PSRS. Job-seekers were chosen through the utilization of a random sample technique, whereas PSRS ICT officials were deliberately recruited. The study's findings indicate that there is a positive and significant correlation between job seekers' use of e-recruitment and their ICT competencies. Thus, the study determined that ICT competencies play a vital role in determining the utilization of the e-recruitment portal of PSRS for job applications. Therefore, the study suggests that PSRS should revamp its portal to enhance its user-friendliness.

The CSR practices of privately owned mining businesses have the capacity to foster the development of communities residing in proximity to the mining operations. Nevertheless, there is limited knowledge regarding the corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives undertaken by mining businesses in Tanzania that are partially owned by the government. The focus of this study was to analyze the corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives implemented by the North Mara Gold Mine in Tanzania, which is partially controlled by the government. The primary aims of this study were to assess the level of community awareness regarding Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and to analyze the CSR initiatives performed by North Mara Gold Mine among the surrounding regions. The research had a cross-sectional design and included a sample of 358 houses, which were chosen through the utilization of a systematic random selection method. The data collection process involved the utilization of many methods, including household surveys, key informant interviews, focus group talks, and documentary reviews. The data underwent examination through the utilization of descriptive statistics and content analysis techniques. The primary outcomes of the investigation indicated that a majority of the participants exhibited knowledge regarding corporate social responsibility (CSR), and demonstrated the ability to articulate and elucidate the CSR initiatives implemented by North Mara Gold Mine within their respective localities. The findings indicate that the key informants have the ability to articulate corporate social responsibility as the responsibilities of companies towards the local community residing in the vicinity of the mining operation, with the objective of enhancing the overall welfare of the community. Additionally, it was discovered that the North Mara Gold Mine has been actively engaging in the implementation of corporate social responsibility initiatives. These initiatives primarily involve providing support to the local populations residing in close proximity to the mine. The support encompasses several areas such as education, infrastructure development (including roads and sanitary facilities), healthcare, and employment opportunities. Hence, it is advisable for mining enterprises to include corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategies into their business operations and establish a dedicated CSR Foundation to oversee and manage CSR initiatives.

Corruption remains a prominent institutional barrier that hampers foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow in developing countries. However, the specific impact of corruption on FDI inflows in Tanzania remains largely unexplored. This research aims to contribute to the existing body of knowledge by examining the consequences of corruption on FDI inflows in Tanzania between 1996 and 2021. The analysis utilizes time series institutional data obtained from the World Bank governance indicators and FDI inflow data from the Bank of Tanzania (BOT). Given the consideration of multiple variables, a multiple regression model is employed to analyze the data. Unit root tests such as the expanded Dickey-Fuller and Johansen cointegration tests are utilised to assess whether the variables are cointegrated and whether the data exhibits stationarity or nonstationarity. The findings of this study unequivocally demonstrate that corruption (CC) has a significant adverse effect on both short-term and long-term FDI inflows. The data from 1996 to 2021 consistently indicate a noteworthy influence of corruption (CC) on FDI inflows. Consequently, this research recommends concerted efforts to combat corruption in order to improve the investment climate and attract foreign investors.

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) has remained a major source of food security and income generation for most developing countries including Tanzania due to its ability to drought and disease resistance. At present, its production in Tanzania stands at 630,000 tons while the country's market demand is expected to grow at 7% by 2026.  Therefore, this study assessed the contribution of cassava production and marketing on the livelihood of smallholder farmers in Tanzania particularly in the Dodoma region, so as to explore its potential contributions to the society welfare. A cross-sectional research design was employed whereby a multi-stage sampling procedure was used in selecting a sample of 240 cassava smallholder farmers from four districts in the Dodoma region namely Kondoa, Chemba, Kongwa, and Mpwapwa. Quantitative data were collected through self-administered structured questionnaires and focus group discussion, interview and observation methods also were used in collecting qualitative data from the study area. Content analysis was used in analyzing qualitative data.  A binary logistic regression model was employed to estimate the contribution of cassava production and marketing on smallholder farmers’ livelihoods in the region. The findings from the study indicated that family size, farmers’ experience, land size, education, number of visits by extension, and market access statistically were significant with showed a positive relationship with the improvement in the livelihood of farmers in the selected districts. On the other hand, transportation costs showed a negative relation with the improvement of farmers’ livelihood. Generally, it can be concluded that an increase in production and improvement in marketing variables could contribute much to the improvement of smallholder farmers’ livelihood.  Based on these findings, it is recommended that Ministries responsible for cassava production and marketing which included the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Industry and Trade focus more on the design, promotion, and implementation of policies and programs that are intended to enhance cassava production in rural areas and increase the provision of best farming practices through employing more extension officers.

The chance of survival of businesses in Rwanda is underprivileged and 82% of them close at an early stage, which negatively affects manufacturing companies, particularly Family-Owned Manufacturing Companies (FOMCs). Although there are other reasons why many FOMCs do not succeed in the next generation, a lack of pro-activeness has surfaced as a critical factor. Thus, the study aimed to assess the effect of pro-activeness on the survival of family-owned manufacturing companies in Kigali City, Rwanda. The study was conducted in Kigali City, from 2017 to 2023; Cochran’s formula was employed to determine a sample size of 384 senior employees picked at random from 77 FOMCs. This study employed Self-administered questionnaires and a quantitative approach. Multiple linear regression analysis was utilized to find out the relationship among variables. IBM (International Business Machines Corporation) SPSS (Software Package for Social Sciences) was employed to analyze data. The findings of this study indicated that pro-activeness had a substantial influence on the survival of family-owned manufacturing companies. The study offers a cogent explanation of the relationship between the longevity of family-owned manufacturing companies and pro-activeness. The study also offers important insights into the smooth and effective execution of pro-activeness for the survival and continuity of family-owned manufacturing enterprises. Moreover, the study findings indicated that combining pro-activeness and training the successors boost the productivity of family-owned companies and make them more competitive in the market, which leads to the long-term survival of FOMFs. The FOMFs that use pro-activeness in their operations survive longer than the ones without it.  

This paper delves into the intricate challenges encountered by Tanzania in effectively implementing the East African Community (EAC) Common Market Protocol (CMP) pertaining to the seamless movement of goods to Kenya. The research adopts a case study design, employing qualitative and in-depth methods to gather data. The data collection process utilizes a purposeful sampling technique involving 30 participants, and thematic analysis is employed for data analysis. The findings highlight several tariff barriers that hinder the effective implementation of the EAC CMP, including customs duties, quantitative restrictions, measures with equivalent impact to customs duties, and those with equivalent impact to quantitative restrictions. Furthermore, the study uncovers non-tariff barriers (NTBs) that impede the free movement of goods from Tanzania to Kenya, such as political barriers, high transportation costs, food insecurity, discrepancies in standards, limited logistics and trade services, and restricted access to finance. The study concludes that the EAC Partner States bear the responsibility of eliminating existing tariff and non-tariff restrictions that obstruct trade, as well as refraining from imposing new ones. This research significantly contributes to our understanding of the economic integration within the EAC by shedding light on the novel challenges encountered in the implementation of the CMP concerning the free movement of goods.

Due to rising global competition and major changes in consumer demands, preferences, and tastes, many businesses today use the Japanese management technique known as Kaizen to adjust their production processes to meet these expectations. The sole goal of this study was to improve the overall productivity of medium-scale industries by integrating the kaizen philosophy into the production process. Most learning exercises carried out as part of kaizen initiatives were designed to improve social outcomes regarding employees’ problem-solving skills and attitudes. In particular, Kaizen coordinators are concerned with employees’ understanding of continuous improvement and their communication and problem-solving abilities. The pilot project was carried out in the production lines where vanilla extracts were being produced. The Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle technique was used in this study to improve productivity in the production process. The pitch diagram was used as a supportive tool. The two prominent techniques that mainly contributed to the increase in productivity were the PDCA cycle and the pitch diagram. Kaizen implementation led to a 37% increase in the company's total productivity. To increase productivity even further, water tapping and measurement were merged. As a result, it took just 2 minutes instead of 5 to fill a bottle with 20 liters of water. This study concludes that the Kaizen philosophy and elimination of non-value-adding tasks from the production process improve output.

This study seeks to determine whether gender diversity in the boardroom improves the financial performance of listed firms in Tanzania by examining theoretical and empirical findings and using 90 firm-year observations of 15 listed firms over six years from 2016–2021 from firms listed at the Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange (DSE). Return on equity (ROE) and Return on asset (ROA) were used as financial performance metrics. This study uses a balanced panel data analysis. The results showed that there was no statistically significant relationship between the percentages of women directors on boards or in executive roles and the financial performance of listed firms in Tanzania as measured by ROA and ROE. The results are inconsistent with theories of agency and resource dependence. The study is restricted to a sample of listed firms from DSE in Tanzania. The scope of future studies should be expanded to include listed firms across the East African region and more explanatory variables such as the Blau index in measuring boardroom gender diversity.

For generations, women in Tanzania have been undermined economically despite efforts from the government, educational institutions, and non-governmental organizations. Besides all of them, the growth of digital communication is emerging, inseparable from transforming women’s empowerment economically, politically, and socially. However, how social media has empowered women financially as an aspect of economic empowerment remains understudied in Tanzania. This study assesses the role of social media in the digital economy to realize its contribution to women’s financial empowerment. Specifically, the study assesses the financial activities of women’s support groups through social media, examines how social media offer economic opportunities to women’s support groups and identify the challenges associated with social media women’s support groups. This study is qualitatively designed and employs in-depth interviews with leaders of women’s support groups in the city of Dodoma. The findings highlight the benefits of WhatsApp social media as a platform for digital economic practices, specifically in enhancing the performance of financial activities. The results also revealed a lack of binding principles among women’s support groups, making them fragile and affecting their growth and sustainability. The study recommends establishing government regulations that bind members who decide to help each other through social media sites. This practice ensures the sustainability of women’s financial groups and avoids online fraud thus, promote women’s financial empowerment and participation in the digital economy in Tanzania.