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In today's competitive business landscape, organizations constantly seek strategies to enhance their market position and profitability. One of the pivotal inquiries that many industry experts and scholars are delving into is: How do cost leadership, service innovation, and customer value creation influence business performance? Cost leadership, often seen as a way to gain a competitive edge through operational efficiency, might offer immediate financial benefits. Given the frequent economic challenges, it has become increasingly crucial for hotel businesses to embrace strong competitive and marketing strategies. The hospitality sector, particularly susceptible to the ramifications of such crises, has long been scrutinized to discern the strategic measures they employ during turbulent times. This empirical investigation, encompassing insights from 437 industry professionals, underscores that initiatives centered on corporate service innovation yield a direct and favorable augmentation in organizational performance. However, the study found inconclusive evidence regarding the mediating impact of value creation through customer engagement.

There has been an increase in the elderly population worldwide in recent years. This situation creates some needs both at individual and social level. In particular, elderly individuals need support in carrying out their daily activities. Therefore, elderly care centers are seen as an important supporter in this respect. This study aims to identify the criteria affecting the selection of elderly care centers and prioritize them with SWARA method. The SWARA method was used to weight the criteria affecting the selection of elderly care centers in order of priority. Eight criteria identified through literature review were evaluated by five experts experienced in the relevant field. The experts evaluated the criteria by ranking them according to their importance and the final prioritization was carried out by taking the geometric mean of the evaluations. According to the results of the analysis, the most important factor affecting the selection of an elderly care center was the Quality-of-Life Comfort and Service with a weight of 22%. This was followed by Financial Status with 20%, Health Services with 16%, and Professional Staff with 13%. Location and Transportation criterion was determined as the least important factor with a weight of 0.7%. The fact that life comfort and service quality have the highest weight indicates that elderly individuals expect a quality and comfortable living environment. The results obtained from the study show that policies for elderly care homes should be organized in a way that aims to increase the comfort of living, improve service quality, ensure economic accessibility and ensure the sustainability of health services.

The study aims to investigate the extent to which the concepts of social innovation and talent management will affect the innovation performance of enterprises as a result of the literature studies on the concepts of social innovation and talent management in family businesses in the Marmara Region. A questionnaire consisting of 78 questions was applied to the employees of small, medium and large-sized family businesses operating in the Marmara Region. A total of 460 questionnaires were evaluated. SPSS program was used for the survey results and the answers were analyzed by reliability analysis, factor analysis, correlation analysis and regression analysis methods. With the analysis study, the impact of social innovation and talent management on innovation performance was tried to be determined. As a result, it has been determined that there is a significant relationship between talent management practices and innovation performance. In other words, it has been determined that talent management is a strong factor in increasing the innovation performance of enterprises. In addition, no effect of social innovativeness on innovation performance was observed. In the light of the findings, the results of the research are discussed and recommendations are presented for both managers and academicians.

This study explores the influence of digital marketing strategies on brand loyalty among young airline passengers, specifically targeting Millennials and Gen Z individuals aged 18-35 years old. With the increasing reliance on digital channels such as social media, email marketing, and search engine marketing, it is crucial to understand how these strategies impact the customer-brand relationship, brand trust, and ultimately, brand loyalty. The research employs a quantitative approach, gathering data from 230 participants who are frequent users of digital platforms and have recent travel experiences with airlines. The findings reveal that social media marketing has the most significant impact on the customer-brand relationship, followed by email and search engine marketing. Additionally, the study confirms that brand trust acts as a critical mediator between digital marketing activities and brand loyalty. These results highlight the importance of tailored digital marketing strategies for airlines aiming to engage and retain young passengers in a highly competitive industry.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a rapidly developing technological development that helps individuals in many areas. However, this progress is met with different reactions from individuals. The paper aims to investigate the associations among the concepts of spiritual intelligence, intolerance of uncertainty and AI anxiety. Furthermore, mediating role of intolerance of uncertainty on the relationship between spiritual intelligence and AI anxiety is another aim to examine in this study. In order to measure the mentioned variables, data was collected from 382 white-collar employees using survey method. We conducted explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses to control validity, and Crombach Alpha values to control reliability of the scales. Findings represented that each scale was valid and reliable. After that measurement model and structural equation modelling was conducted for model testing. The results represented the significant relationship between spiritual intelligence and intolerance of uncertainty, between uncertainty tolerance and AI anxiety (also its dimensions). In addition, findings showed that intolerance of uncertainty fully mediates the relationship between spiritual intelligence and learning of AI anxiety, also between job replacement of AI anxiety. Furthermore, results presented that intolerance of uncertainty partially mediates the relationship between spiritual intelligence and sociotechnical blindness and configuration of AI anxiety.

Industry 4.0 technologies have optimized efficiency and effectiveness through the manufacture of sophisticated products and services, which result in enhancement of operations, improvement in safety, time, and cost-saving, and have revolutionized operations in almost all industries and have tremendously transformed the aviation sector. This study aims to examine the passenger travel experience with the implementation of e-services before, during, and after trips, from ticket bookings, self-check-in, smart boarding, in-flight services to baggage tracking after flight. Furthermore, the study seeks to identify the modern technologies with which air passengers are familiar or actively use, and to analyze the factors that influence their acceptance of these e-services.  A research model was developed based on the extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) and modified to suit the objectives of this study. The study objectives were achieved through a survey, a self-administered online questionnaire from 253 air passengers was obtained, and data was analyzed using SPSS 25 software. The results reveal that performance expectancy, price-value, hedonic motivations, perceived benefits and habit have a positive significant influence on behavioral intention, while social influence, perceived challenges, facilitating conditions and effort expectancy were not supported. The results of the study give insights into how different passengers, different age groups, different geographical locations, and different technological maturity perceive such implementations. This will provide policymakers ideas on how to better manage and enhance e-services.

This study mainly aimed to investigate the impact of seasonal changes on media advertising revenues (AR) in R environment through a visual-print media company example. So, the study primarily aimed to examine whether visual, print and internet ARs were affected by seasonal change. The study also aimed to indicate the trends of visual/ print/ and internet ARs over time in the light of seasonality. Furthermore, it was also aimed to make AR estimates for the next year with the best performing methods covering ARIMA and ETS. Methodologically, R programming language and its libraries were used together with ARIMA and ETS time series models. The data set consisted of a monthly ARs series consisting of 180 rows covering the period between January/2007-December/2021 and having a sufficient number of observations for the application of the models. Data were analyzed with R and next year’s forecasts were done with ARIMA and ETS. The study revealed that all AR types were affected by seasonal changes in the specified period and included seasonality, i.e. specially in the summer months.  Additionally, it was observed that AR types have different trends despite containing seasonality. The study found that visual ARs denoted a slight downward trend including seasonality during the period. It was also indicated that print ARs reflected a very rapid and drastic downward trend covering seasonality. The study also revealed that internet ARs showed a very rapid and sharp upward trend compared to the other two AR types despite having seasonality. Furthermore, taking into account the calculated error metrics, it was found that the ARIMA model showed the best estimation performance in both i.e. visual and internet ARs. On the other hand, the ETS model indicated the best estimation performance in print ARs. Accordingly, estimations of the visual/print and internet ARs for the next year were made with the best performing methods. It was pointed out that estimated ARs included seasonality in the summer months and revealed similar results to the previous trends based on historical data.

This study mainly aimed to examine the perceptions of Accounting Professionals-APs (Certified Accountant, Certified Public Accountant, Sworn-in Certified Public Accountant) working in Istanbul on accounting culture and fraudulent financial reporting. It also aimed to investigate whether there is a significant relationship between APs’ perceptions of accounting culture and fraudulent financial reporting, and whether these perceptions differ according to demographic characteristics. Methodologically, a descriptive online survey method covering a questionnaire was applied to collect data. The sample consisted of 314 APs operating in Istanbul. Data were analyzed with SPSS-22. The study revealed that there is a significant relationship between the perceptions of APs on accounting culture and fraudulent financial reporting. It also indicated that these perceptions differ according to demographic characteristics. In the light of subvalues of accounting culture, the perceptions of “The Flexibility of Accounting Culture versus Uniformity” and Professionalism versus Status quo” vary according to the gender. In this respect, it was determined that female professionals exhibited more professionalization and uniformity tendencies than men, while male professionals exhibited more flexibility and status quo tendencies compared to women. Furthermore, it was understood that other demographic characteristics (age, years of service, education level, title, number of clients) are not effective variables on the accounting culture perception. On the other hand, it was found that the perceptions of APs on fraudulent financial reporting differ according to demographic characteristics (such as gender, age, years of service and title), however, it does not differ according to the number of customers and education level. In other words, those characteristics do not have any effect on the perception of fraudulent financial reporting.

Service quality is crucial for all service providers operating in the open market across all industries, particularly in the aviation sector, which produces billions of dollars in annual revenue from its services. The level of service quality significantly influences client satisfaction, and conversely, customer happiness reciprocally affects the service provider. In order to attain diverse company objectives, it is imperative to prioritize customer happiness specifically during the process of privatization. The primary objective of this research is to examine the influence of airport service quality on customer satisfaction within the context of a privatized airport. Descriptive and correlation analyses were utilized in the study. A total of 400 questionnaires were administered to passengers who embarked from Aden Adde International Airport as part of the study. Subsequently, the data was subjected to analysis utilizing a statistical software program designed for social science software (SPSS). The results of this analysis revealed a robust and positive correlation between Airport customer services and customer happiness. The study additionally revealed that a significant proportion of the airport's passengers expressed dissatisfaction with the services provided by Aden Adde International airport. 

In the pursuit of academic excellence, scholars are dependent on trustworthy journals to disseminate their research and contribute to the collective body of knowledge. However, the academic community is not immune to deceptive practices. This letter highlights the case of the "Global International Journal of Innovative Research," where my name, along with esteemed colleagues, was falsely associated with the editorial board without consent. Despite repeated efforts to address this issue, the journal remains unresponsive. This letter announces our intention to publish an exposé article, meticulously uncovering the fraudulent practices of the journal and its publisher. A subsequent public statement aims to warn the academic community about the deceptive nature of the "Global International Journal of Innovative Research" and emphasizes the collective responsibility of scholars to uphold ethical publishing standards. Through this exposé, we hope to safeguard the integrity of academic pursuit and raise awareness about the risks associated with engaging with predatory journals.

In recent years, the aviation industry has transformed significantly, driven by the increasing importance of digital technologies and social media for communication and marketing. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated this transformation, posing unprecedented challenges to airlines. The present study investigates how Turkish Airlines, Qatar Airways, and Emirates adapted their social media strategies before, during, and after the pandemic. The research has a threefold focus: (i) assessing pre-pandemic social media strategies, (ii) examining strategy evolution during the pandemic, and (iii) comparing the effectiveness of these strategies before and after COVID-19. By exploring how these airlines leveraged social media to navigate pandemic-related disruptions and maintain vital connections with passengers, this study provides valuable insights. These findings hold significant implications for aviation stakeholders, marketing professionals, and researchers, shedding light on the evolving role of social media in crisis communication and marketing. The study uncovered interesting changes in how airlines use Twitter. After the pandemic, they started using more emojis, and their messages shifted from promoting services to expressing hope during the pandemic and back to promotions afterward. They played with visuals and hashtags. Pricing-wise, they offered discounts for students, different ticket options, and bundled services. In promotions, they focused on being environmentally and socially responsible, user convenience, and specific events. They mainly shared updates on flights, achievements, and travel advice. To engage people, they used quizzes, replied directly to customers, and targeted specific groups. For marketing managers, the study suggests being more customer-focused, emphasizing environmental and social responsibility, offering diverse pricing, celebrating milestones, and creating engaging content. Overall, the findings provide practical insights for adjusting marketing strategies in the ever-changing world of airlines, especially considering the challenges brought by COVID-19.

Aviation-oriented companies are continuously seeking innovative approaches to enhance the passenger experience and operational efficiency within the industry. The objective of this study is to evaluate the categorization of passengers' technological preferences in Turkish airports. The objectives of this study are to enhance the understanding of Aviation Companies in Turkey regarding the technology preferences of passengers and their fundamental needs, as well as to analyze the characteristics of passengers that are directly linked to their technological choices.  This study employs purposive sampling with a sample size of 455. Various statistical techniques, such as regression, correlation, and descriptive statistics, are employed to analyze the data. The findings indicate that biometric technology, personal device utilization, customisation and customization, as well as streaming and on-demand entertainment, greatly influence the technological preferences of travelers. Nevertheless, contactless solutions, inflight Wi-Fi, and mobile apps and digital services do not influence the technological preferences of travelers.

This paper examines CSR approaches and practices of local firms in Ethiopia, where the state is still a key player in business life. Moreover, it assesses at which stage Ethiopian CSR is. This mixed-method study includes quantitative analysis through SPSS and qualitative content analysis. A revised CSR practices scale has been conducted on owners/managers and employees of 100 local companies in Ethiopia. Besides, the companies' official websites have been thoroughly reviewed using five variables to understand their CSR approaches and practices better. The findings reveal that Ethiopian companies practice CSR though it is at the stage of fragmented CSR and the priorities differ from the global trend. Most respondent companies generally have excellent legal practices and CSR practices toward employees and customers. However, philanthropy, social sustainability, and management of CSR are remarkably at a mediocre level. Content analysis shows similarity with the results of quantitative study, to the exclusion of philanthropy. Notably, the hierarchy derived from our research varies also with Visser's CSR model.

This paper aims to investigate the mediating role of explicit knowledge sharing in the relationship between empowering leadership and proactive work behavior in defense industry enterprises. The sample of this study consists of defense industry enterprises operating within the borders of Turkey. A total of 305 survey data were collected from these enterprises using the random sampling method, and 5 survey data among them were eliminated because of missing information, and analyzes were made with a total of 301 survey data. Structural equation modeling was used to test the research model and hypotheses. According to the analysis results of the study, empowering leadership has a positive effect on proactive work behavior and explicit knowledge sharing. In addition, it has been understood that open information sharing has a positive effect on proactive work behavior. Finally, it has been revealed that explicit knowledge sharing has a mediating role in the relationship between empowering leadership and proactive work behavior.

In this study, the relationships between cargo revenues, ancillary revenues and net profitability of airline companies were examined in the examples of three full-service airline companies (Turkish Airlines, American Airlines, Delta Air Lines). Methodologically, a logarithmic econometric model was used in which cargo revenues and ancillary revenues were included as independent variables and net profit as the dependent variables. The data used for the period 2014Q1-2019Q4 were collected from the annual reports on the official websites of related airline companies and The International Air Transport Association (IATA). EViews 10 and STATA-15 versions, which are the most modern econometric analysis programs that can be used to control the stationarity, were used in the analysis of the data. In addition to econometric analyzes and general statistics, Cross Section dependency tests, CADF second-generation unit root tests, Delta slope homogeneity tests, Panel cointegration analysis, Westerlund Panel cointegration tests and Dumitrescu Hurlin Panel Causality tests and Breusch Pagan LM Tests were also performed. The study revealed that there is cointegration between cargo revenues, ancillary revenues and net profit, and there is a one-way causality relationship from both cargo revenues to net profit and from ancillary revenues to net profit. The study also indicated a positive correlation between cargo revenues and ancillary revenues and net profit. In other words, cargo revenues and ancillary revenues have a positive effect on the net profit of airline companies. In addition, the study found that aviation ancillary revenues provide an important resource for airline companies; furthermore, two US companies are among the top three companies with the highest revenues in the world in terms of cargo and ancillary revenues; also showed that Turkish Airlines' ancillary revenues are lower than those of these two US companies. On the other hand, the study showed that the contribution of Turkish Airlines cargo revenues to net profit is much higher than the other two companies.

The Covid-19 pandemic has created a disadvantaged student population due to the sudden obligation for distance learning. Poor performance of online educational tools, risk of transmission and staying at home cause stress and anxiety in students. This research examines the effects of usability and accessibility of the online learning system on students’ anxiety in presence of students’ perceived social support as well as students’ perceived optimistic/pessimistic life orientation. The survey instrument prepared for this purpose includes questions about the online learning system used, Covid-19 anxiety, life orientation and perceived social support. Web-based questionnaires were collected from 5,682 students from different universities and the data was analyzed for the role of social support and life orientation on anxiety caused by stress born of distance learning. Findings show that accessibility has a negative effect on anxiety while the effect of perceived social support on access problems could not be ascertained. It was determined that the optimism dimension had a moderating effect on students’ anxiety and the pessimism dimension had a mediating effect. The research results are consistent with the literature.

Cash(liquidity) management is at the heart of a firm’s financial management. It is a silver lining between the bankruptcy and the success story of a company. Therefore, this study intends to contribute some insights into cash management practices and how firms can use them to achieve sound financial performance. This study provides a comprehensive literature review on existing theories and cash management practices that are useful in decision making. After the analysis of the available literature, the study highlights important theories including trade-off theory (TOT), transaction model, precautionary measures, financial hierarchy, and cash flow theory. Furthermore, management practices such as stochastic cash management model, speeding up cash collections, centralization & decentralization of management, asset portfolio diversification, and cash disbursement are discussed.  The study suggests that a sound financial performance can be achieved through a hybrid approach and through adaptation and embracing innovations in cash management systems.

The aim of this study is to determine the causality relationship between energy prices, which are among the most important inputs of the economy, and selected stock market indices of developed countries. Crude oil and natural gas are used as energy variables. G7 countries were selected to represent developed countries. Stock indices used in the study are Dow & Jones (USA), DAX (Germany), CAC40 (France), FTSE250 (England), FTSE Italia All Share (Italy), NIKKEI225 (Japan), and S&P/TSX (Canada). In the study, Johansen (1988) cointegration test and Granger (1969) causality test were used to analyse the causality relationship between energy prices and selected stock market indices. The research could not find a long-term balance relationship between energy prices and developed country indices. Also, while the causality relationship was determined between crude oil prices and NIKKEI225, DAX, and CAC40 indices, a causal relationship between natural gas prices and Dow & Jones and FTSE250 indices was determined. In the study, it was found that energy prices can be used for diversification in investments to be made with stock market indices of developed countries. This study is one of the most comprehensive studies in the literature that examines the relationship between energy prices and the stock market indices of G7 countries. It is expected to contribute to the literature in this way.

When we hear the word diversity, usually the first word that comes to mind is difference, and diversity steams from difference, in this paper, board diversity is discussed, in addition to linking it to firm performance, diversity is important, and it’s especially important in the board room of a given firm because it allows for different perspectives and opinions which can impact the decision-making process in the firm, which ultimately can affect the performance of the firm. The purpose of this paper is to give a relational guide on how board diversity can greatly impact the achievements of a firm. This paper is a theory-based study and aims to develop a critical approach of defining board diversity and linking that to the performance of the firm. This paper is a theory-based study because it utilizes the existing literature in order to determine the impact of board diversity on firm performance. This study also uses different theories and existing literature to highlight the relevance of having a diverse board in the firm. To find the relation, various studies and existing literature were analyzed to develop a critical approach to relate board diversity to firm performance. In conclusion, this paper outlines different aspects of board diversity while providing a critical look that allows us to assess the importance of board diversity and its connection to firm performance.

This study aims to develop a theoretical approach to define the culture of peace and its dimensions in the workplace based on De-Rivera’s peace culture dimensions at the international level. This study offers an organizational model in the workplace and it needs empirical tests in further studies. This paper is an attempt to develop a theoretical framework for peace culture in the workplace. Peace culture will be analyzed in four underlying dimensions: liberal development, violent inequality, state use of violent means, and nurturance. This study transfers De Rivera’s peace culture dimensions into the organizational level, and it is assumed that peace culture in the workplace could be a remedy for a harmonious and peaceful workplace. Peace culture in the workplace is also expected to be a beneficial factor to employees’ behavior, job performances, and organizational commitment as well as work outcomes. In a conclusion, it is expected that this study fills the gap in the literature and will have a leading role for further studies