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In this study, we review the literature to find how the financial development of a country attracts foreign direct investments for a sustainable real sector development of the country. The area is least focused on literature. Thus we don’t limit our search and review to any time or database or journal category. We find the theoretical logic and empirical evidence so far available in the literature. Our review finds that the development of the financial sector of a country is one of the most important attractors of FDIs. Theoretically, financial sector development works as a symbol of trust and goodness to the new potential investors and a good resource allocation channel for the existing investors. However, very few researchers find that FDIs are more prone to countries with a low developed financial system which may happen due to the presence of risk-taker foreign investors and risk-averse domestic entrepreneurs.

Pakistan is experiencing an enormous increase in the acceptance of western apparel shopping among people. To bind this opportunity, it is necessary to understand ensure the repurchase intention among customers. Hence this research article explored the impact of Service and Product related attributes on Re-purchase Intention: Role of customer characteristics and customer satisfaction in an apparel shopping context. The importance of product attributes and service attributes to the result of repurchase intention has been well documented. In the past, scarce studies will be done to check this relationship. The theoretical repurchase model was developed and tested using SEM on experiential data of 350 apparel brand customers. In Pakistan's scenario, the study's significance is that the clothing industry is becoming more frequent and increasingly focused on developing brands. Simultaneously, the Pakistan textile and clothing brands industry became more and more developed and strongly influenced the international market worldwide. The current research finding will enable marketers to realize the value of product and service attributes and depict the different factors of customer characteristics and customer satisfaction impact on repurchase intention for ensuring continuity among old customers. Furthermore, the current research will make a valuable addition to increasing repurchase intention literature for marketers.  

The Covid-19 pandemic restricted the people around the world's boundaries. Therefore, online learning's importance increased in the current era, an essential topic for current research. Students are actively using Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) while restricted at their homes during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research investigates the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model (UTAUT) and quality factors to predict the users perceived satisfaction and reuse intentions toward MOOCs in the Covid-19 pandemic. We collected data from three public universities in Wuhan, China and 298 users who were actively using MOOCs participated in this research. The proposed hypotheses were tested by using PLS-SEM. The findings revealed that effort expectancy and social influence directly impacted users' reuse intentions while performance expectancy and perceived course quality positively impacted users' reuse intentions through perceived satisfaction toward MOOCs. This research found the critical role of perceived satisfaction in the current pandemic era. Finally, this research provides important theoretical implications for the researchers and practical implications for the developers, technologists, and policymakers for developing effective systems and strategies in online environments. In addition, this study revealed some limitations and future research guidelines for the researchers.

This study examined the relationship between the level of logistics service quality, relationship quality, and repurchase intention in the e-retail sector of Pakistan. Logistics service quality LSQ was integrated into the step-by-step purchasing process including pre-purchase, purchase, and post-purchase factors. This research is unique from existing research work as it validated a holistic model by examining the role of customer’s perception of LSQ in strengthening their RQ and subsequent purchase intentions in the e-retail logistics sector of Pakistan and draw important suggestions to enhance the competitiveness of logistics services of domestic e-retail logistic firms. A survey strategy using self-administered questionnaires was employed from customers of departmental stores, large discount stores, shopping malls & retail outlets. A total of n=241 based on a cluster of conventional retail consumers across Pakistan was drawn. The study results provide a quality framework for the management of logistics service providers working in Pakistan's e-retail industry to evaluate the strengths and limitations of their service provision and then identify areas where improvements might be needed.

The financial system and capital market in developed countries are more developed as compare to emerging countries. Firms like small and medium enterprise (SMEs) needs finance to operate their business and make a competitive position in the market. In an emerging country like Pakistan, SMEs face a lot of financial and non-financial obstacles that may relate to the poor performance of SMEs. This study investigates the relationship between commercial loans, retain earnings, trade credit, managerial activities, and SME's performance. This study also investigates the interaction effect of managerial activities between independent variables and dependent variables.  A survey was conducted in a small and medium enterprise of KPK Pakistan. Data were collected from 362 employees. SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) software was employed for data analysis for descriptive and regression analysis. The finding confirmed that commercial loans, trade credit, retained earning have a positive and significant impact upon SME's performance. It is also found that managerial activities have played a mediating role and increased the performance of SMEs. Among variables under study, the more trade credit activities, the higher the performance of the SMEs is observed. Based on this study's results, Leaders, supervisors, and managers are those employees having a substantial role in the performance, development, failure, and success of an organization. Managerial activities are vital for a manager for the purpose to know what should be done in different circumstances and improve overall performance and accomplish organizational goals.

Preceding researchers have tended to focus on the negative aspect of the perceived overqualification and its inadequacy in the organization. We offer an alternative perspective and postulate that perceived overqualification could influence employees’ behavior through an interactive mechanism. We propose that relational skill abilities, in the form of job autonomy of overqualified employees, determine their tendency to experience interpersonal influences, and, thus engage in helping behavior with devastating work deviance behavior. Data were collected from 20 multinational companies in China through a survey of 500 participants. Structural equation modeling was used for the analysis of data. The results indicate that perceived overqualification has a strong indirect impact via interpersonal influence on the helping behavior and workplace deviance behavior, and increase the helping behavior and decrease the workplace deviance behavior at the working environment. Further, outcomes concluded that job autonomy and prosocial motivation have a significant moderating role and increase the employers helping behavior and deteriorations their Workplace deviance behavior.

The impacts of the government funding on the NGOs in terms of advantages and disadvantages has received mixed response from the scholars. This study attempts to review the promises and perils of government funding on the NGOs and aims to gather the scattered knowledge from literature at one place. Literature review was carried out for the relevant studies. Using the inclusion/exclusion criteria established for this article, 31 studies were finally selected for review. Using thematic analysis approach, 5 main themes regarding government funding impacts on NGOs were extracted from the reviewed 31 studies. The themes are institutional theory and Isomorphism, accountability, loss of autonomy, mission drift and crowding out. Some scholars and studies linked these themes with underperformance while others linked them with stability of the NGOs. Definite results are hard to draw to determine the impacts of government funding on NGOs and in fact these impacts depend upon a number of factors such as, age, size, sector, demography, political, economic and social environments of an NGO

Supervisor enhances their subordinates’ level of creativity to provide the latest insights into intrinsic motivation. Therefore, demonstrating the other site in which pay for performance decisions are controlled by the HR department through individual interaction with increasing (PFP) pay for performance and employee creativity (CR). By utilizing the sample size of 250 questionnaires out of which 206 were completed from Lahore, the city of Pakistan. We establish that the consequence of (PFP) on creativity was invariantly mediating by intrinsic motivation in such a way that both mediator or moderator, PFP had stronger positive effects on creativity. Findings show that regression, mediation and moderation analysis the actual best fit was a PFP model and the Cronbach's alpha values show higher reliability and consistency of values & all variables are very highly correlated to each other. Future study is needed for testing the scale with different cultures and different organizations. Furthermore, intrinsic motivation, as enhanced by trust in management, moderating this mediating effect of PFP on creativity. In addition, the regression path analysis exposed that intrinsic motivation mediated the moderated effect among PFP, trust in management, and creativity. The findings of the current study shed light on the processes and conditions under which, PFP may promote creativity.

This paper investigated the influence of factors on the intention to adopt Internet banking services among students of higher education in Pakistan. Theoretical framework used for this study has been adopted from Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) with four independent variables. Convenience sampling method was used with a total of valid 220 respondents, which included students of Khadim Ali Shah Bukhari Institute of Technology (KASBIT), Karachi, Pakistan. Data was collected through self administered questionnaire of two parts: Demographic and Likert scale multi-item scale for variables under study. Results indicatedthat convenience, perceived credibility, and perceived usefulness had significant positive influence among students on the intention to adopt Internet banking. The findings from this research would be useful for banks in the subject area, particularly for students in Pakistan.


 
 
 This study is elected to explore the connection between religiosity and new product adoption amongst Pakistani consumers. This paper sheds some light on measured effects of religiosity and the perceived ideologies of Pakistani’s about proffered pharmaceutical products in the country. Total 500 respondents were involved in the study from (fourth largest city) Faisalabad through judgmental sampling to envisage the adoption pattern of Pakistani Muslim consumers. Here religiosity is taken as an independent variable and was analyzed in five dimensions: sacramental, rational, ideological, consequential, and Practical. Moreover new product development is signified as a dependent variable.Islamic tenets influence the adoption of new pharmaceutical products among Pakistani consumers as their attitude persuades adoption patterns that rely on religiosity. All possible substitutes within different dimensions were assessed to find out the most appropriate combination of dimensions which provided the output. Religion is an element of culture that permeates every aspect of a society and saturates the life of individuals whether one is a believer or a non-believer and cultural dimensions are very vibrant in a society, as religious doctrines shape a secure and stagnant pillar in the society. This paper will assist to highlight its significance and implications in product development related decisions of pharmaceutical industry with reference to the use (prescription/recommendation) of pharmaceutical products by Muslim patients (doctors).