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The paper seeks to illustrate the propinquity between mobile phone technology and the profitability of immigrant entrepreneurs’ businesses and whether there is a positive effect. The outcome should ascertain if mobile technology could be propounded as a credible source of competitive advantage. The paper uses a qualitative approach, using content analysis as the research design tool. Data analysis was done through the conceptual content analysis approach. Various online databases such as EBSCOhost, Google scholar, JSTOR, and Science Direct were accessed for literature. Different terms (keywords) such as; “Mobile phone technology”, “mobile marketing”, and “mobile payment” were searched. The data collected through a systematic literature review were compiled, analysed, and generated conclusions. This paper deduces that immigrant entrepreneurs stand to gain a competitive edge by using mobile phone technology, thereby improving business performance. Future researchers need to expand the scope of their study to other sectors and industries globally. The paper exhibits the significance of apps and websites as mobile technology tools that can positively impact business performance. This paper outlines how mobile technology is now an essential catalyst in the performance of various business sectors. Results are essential to app and website developers, entrepreneurs and the business society.

This study seeks to measure the effectiveness of traditional media in promoting tourism in this digital age in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. This study employed a descriptive research design and a questionnaire was used to collect the data. The findings revealed that traditional and online media are more or less equally competitive in promoting tourism. Traditional media is still effective in promoting tourism in this digital age, especially in the domestic market. The study concluded and recommended that tourism marketers and authorities must come to terms with coexistence with traditional media and online media. There is no need to rely on one media to do it all. Where traditional media is lacking, online media must be there to make up for the difference and enhance the tourist experience.

This study aimed to analyse the impact of the environment on the transfer of training in the work environment, as little has been done to explore the nature of the transfer of the learning work environment. This study used secondary sources. The information was outsourced from online journals (published peer-reviewed articles), published and unpublished dissertations, online sources, and textbooks relevant to the studied topic. An employee's work environment consists of the physical and social conditions in which employees perform their daily duties and impact how well a person puts their training to use. This study concludes that organizational level (characteristics of the work environment) significantly affect the transfer of training in the work environment positively or negatively. Trainees who worked in a more positive environment and received more encouragement from their peers made the most progress on transferring training. However, peer-supported trainees in a negative environment were just as successful at transferring what they learned as those in a favourable one. Training transfer was highly correlated with supervisory assistance, work autonomy, and preferred support. There is a lack of theory on the transfer of training. This study will contribute to the theory by expanding the subject of the work environment about the transfer of training. Findings from this research will advance the science behind the work environment variables and transfer of training. This study will bring new knowledge of the work environment on the transfer of training and will provide leads for future research. Since this study relied on secondary sources, it was limited to the scholarly work that was available at the time the research was conducted.

Leadership theories have underpinned significant leadership studies and practices which span decades. Despite the plethora of research on different leadership theories and styles, there is minimal research exploring the relationship between previous leadership theories and the ethical leadership style. Previous research has shown that the ethical leadership effect goes above and beyond other leadership styles and theories as the latter lack an exclusive ethical focus. Therefore, this paper aims to address the identified gap from a preliminary perspective of previous leadership theories as compared to the ethical leadership style. In addition, ethical leadership is the ‘only’ leadership style that is part of the King IV code and report on Corporate Governance in South Africa. The study is built on previous research conducted on leadership theories in relation to ethical leadership and corporate governance as per the King IV report. The method employed involved conducting a historical narrative review of research from more than 60 relevant sources obtained from different databases and search engines on this topic. The paper found that a relationship exists between historical and contemporary leadership theories, contemporary theories and ethical leadership style, and ethical leadership and corporate governance. Stemming from these results, a conceptual model of the relationship between leadership theories, ethical leadership style, and Ubuntu ethics is shown. It is hoped that different types of organizations in South Africa will benefit from this review paper since most need to comply with the King IV report and code. The focus should be on ethical leadership as it promotes better employee performance and positive organizational outcomes.

The proliferation of technology has innovated new ways of saving and investing money: online savings and investment platforms [OSIPs]. Predicting the intention to adopt Fintech has triggered the interest of many researchers in academia and industries. The primary objective of this study was to examine factors influencing the intention to adopt OSIPs in Nigeria by using data gathered from 640 digitally active citizens from selected cities in Nigeria. Reliability and validity tests were conducted through construct reliability and discriminant validity, respectively, through WarpPLS. Data were computed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version) 24 and analyzed with structural equation modeling via WarpPLS. The findings of this study showed that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social influence significantly affect attitude while facilitating conditions predict intention to adopt. It was also found that attitude significantly influences the intention to adopt OSIPs. The paper also discusses the study’s research limitations and presents implications for theory and practice.

COVID-19 has been observed as the Fifth Industrial Revolution (5IR), which has naturally advanced education five/ten years ahead of digitalisation. The COVID-19 revolution has obliged everyone to be a student needing to be educated about national lockdowns, personal hygiene practices, digital technologies, and vaccines. This study intended to explore lessons learned by higher education institution (HEI) students in Eswatini, Lesotho, the Republic of South Africa, and Zimbabwe during the COVID-19/5IR which helped them to complete their PhD studies. Using purposive with convenience sampling, this study selected twenty most accessible PhD students. The pragmatic paradigm, participatory action research (PAR), and natural identity were used to frame this study in order to guide reflective activities, Zoom focus-group discussions, and semi-structured interview data-generation methods. Findings indicated that students achieved good education on personal hygiene practices and digital technologies that assisted them to effectively deal/continue with their studies. However, education on vaccines remained a major concern because participants believed that the world was treating symptoms of COVID-19 by vaccinating humans more than dealing with the source/s of the virus before it affected humans. Consequently, this study recommends a good education that balances personal, societal, and professional needs to understand natural identities.

The purpose of this study is to explore the IDP process for improved public participation and thereafter assess the barriers to the design and implementation of the IDP. The IDP process was developed to improve strategic planning and ensure that no one is left behind at the grassroots. This was done by promoting public participation in municipal affairs. Many South African municipalities have been struggling to use the IDP process to improve public participation. A mixed-methods approach to investigate the participative IDP process and barriers, using the Greater Tzaneen Municipality (GTM) as a case study was adopted. The methodology included 400 respondents who were chosen through a probability sampling technique and probed to complete the online survey using a closed-ended questionnaire guide, and 10 respondents were also chosen through a non-probability sampling technique and were face-to-face interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. The key results revealed that poor public participation exists in the study area due to a lack of encouragement from responsible authorities. Many barriers hinder the effective design and implementation of the participative IDP process, such as protests, working in silos, a lack of institutional resources to address the competing needs of communities, and a lack of transparency, accountability, and consultation. Lastly, the lack of oversight by the municipality in the adoption of e-participation has been discovered as a barrier to the design and implementation of participative IDP process during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study concludes by providing a few recommendations to enhance participative IDP process. The GTM should at all times uphold democratic principles by ensuring active and effective public participation, transparency, and accountability in municipal affairs. South African municipalities, especially GTM, should develop innovative institutional and organizational skills to make better use of their resources, solve socioeconomic barriers, and enhance service delivery.

The main aim of this study was to investigate the impact of foreign portfolio investment on economic growth in Africa.  The motivation to explore the effects of portfolio investment and growth stemmed from the fact that Africa has recorded large capital inflows since the global financial crisis. These capital flows can have positive or negative consequences. The effects of foreign portfolio investment on the African economy is an area of interest because very little has been done on the subject area. The study used quarterly panel from 1995 to 2014. The study used only five African countries; South Africa, Botswana, Kenya, Mauritius and Nigeria. These countries were chosen because they are in the top five of the African financial markets index. A GMM model was adopted to test the effects of portfolio flows on economic growth in the selected African states. Results showed that there is a weak relationship between portfolio investment and economic growth and that there is a positive relationship between INT and GDP. Results also show a positive relationship between EXCH and GDP in the long run.  A depreciation in the rand exchange rate is seen to be depressing economic growth. The study recommended that the Central Banks in African countries develop better strategies to enhance capital flows' benefits. This can be done by establishing and improving financial institutions which are still developing.

Domestic revenue mobilisation is fundamental if African countries are to fund investments in health, education, infrastructural development, economic growth, human capital development, security, and prosperity to attain the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. Some goals focus on eradicating poverty, reducing inequalities, strengthening institutions, and providing decent work. This requires resources and investment, yet Sub-Saharan African countries continuously struggle to mobilise enough revenue to meet basic government objectives. Through a critical literature review, this paper focuses on sustainable tax revenue mobilisation in Sub-Saharan African Countries, discussing the challenges, opportunities, and prospects for possible amelioration of tax systems. Challenges identified to explain the ineffectiveness of revenue mobilisation in these countries include the presence of a significant informal sector, weak tax administration capacities, the growth in the digital economy, corruption, governance quality, and increased tax avoidance and evasion by multinational companies. Possible prospects include taxation of the digital economy, taxing the informal sector, the capacitation of tax authorities, and the broadening of tax bases.

This research examines the impact of workload and job stress on job satisfaction mediated by motivation in a type B government hospital, RSUD Kanjuruhan. This study is explanatory research with a quantitative approach. The sample used in this study is 162 nurses and midwives who have worked in RSUD Kanjuruhan for at least one year. The sampling technique used is simple random sampling. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling partial least squares (SEM-PLS). The results of this study indicate that high workloads and low job stress can increase motivation and job satisfaction. The appropriate planning and calculation of the nurse-patient ratio must be implemented to improve motivation and job satisfaction. This study also found that the mediation of motivation was a complementary mediation between workload and job satisfaction and a competitive mediation between job stress and job satisfaction.

This study examines the effect of the e-shopping experience towards e-loyalty mediated by e-trust and e-satisfaction on e-commerce fashion in Surabaya city. This research is explanatory research with a quantitative approach which collects data by distributing questionnaires to 150 respondents. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling partial least squares (SEM-PLS). The results of this study indicate that the e-shopping experience has a significant effect on e-loyalty. The study also found that the e-shopping experience significantly impacts e-trust and e-satisfaction. E-trust has no significant effect on e-loyalty, while e-satisfaction affects e-loyalty. E-trust can not mediate the relationship between the e-shopping experience and e-loyalty. Meanwhile, e-Satisfaction can mediate the relationship between the e-shopping experience and e-loyalty. From this research, it is suggested that e-commerce fashion companies can provide a good shopping experience to encourage satisfaction and impact customer loyalty.

The study explores the aspects of job satisfaction related to the employee's intention to quit the job in the presence of job fatigue and can help decision-makers and administrators in the Jordanian private banking sector retain highly qualified employees.  The current research attempted to investigate the relationship between job satisfaction through its dimensions (satisfaction with pay, satisfaction with promotion, satisfaction with co-workers, satisfaction with emergency bonuses, satisfaction with the nature of the work, satisfaction with communication with the organization), and the intention to quit a  job through its dimensions  (remuneration, nature of work? Health problems and ineffective driving). The study was conducted on Jordanian commercial banks. The descriptive analytical method was used through a sample selected from the study community represented by (Alhli-Bank, Arab Bank, and Arab Islamic Bank). After conducting the tests, the study concluded that there is a significant correlation between job satisfaction in its dimensions and the intention to quit smoking. The study recommends motivating employees by reviewing wages, promotions, and emergency bonus policies in light of the results.

Agricultural growth is closely associated with sustainable economic development. This is especially true from the perspective of developing countries, such as Indonesia and Pakistan, where significant portions of the labour force are dependent on agriculture for their livelihood. This paper aims to examine the effects of macroeconomic policy (i.e. monetary policy) on employment, food inflation, and agricultural growth by analysing to what extent monetary policy is effective in controlling food price inflation, the effect of contractionary monetary policy on the agricultural sector’s employment and productivity, and the extent of monetary policy transmission to money market rates and 10-year interest rates. We employed a factor-augmented vector autoregressive model proposed by Bernanke et al. (2005) to agricultural data from 1995 and 1996 to 2016 for Indonesia and Pakistan, respectively. Main findings of the study demonstrate that tight monetary policy significantly reduced food inflation and agricultural production while increasing the rural unemployment rate. Short-term and 10-year interest rates increased owing to the contractionary monetary policies pursued by both countries. An inclusive monetary policy whereby policymakers work alongside governments to achieve price stabilisation and reasonable employment rates is recommended.

 This study explored the effects of financial literacy and financial behavior on the financial well-being of 360 academic personnel of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in Region 1, Philippines. Data were gathered from August 2020 to March 2021 using a self-administered survey questionnaire instrument. This was used to assess the respondents' financial well-being, literacy, and financial behavior, and Pearson’s r was used to test the relationships among the variables. It was found that most of the teachers generally experience moderate financial security rather than financial stress. They were assessed with excellent scores on their financial literacy and most were found to have good financial behavior. It was determined that their financial behavior affected their financial well-being. On the other hand, their financial literacy did not significantly affect their financial well-being. Hence, this study recommends that a financial wellness program tailored for the respondents should focus more on behavior-changing financial coaching rather than financial concepts learning.

This research aims to analyze the effect of village apparatus competence and organizational commitment on village fund management accountability. In addition, researchers also examine the application of the village financial system (SISKEUDES) as an intervening variable. The population in this study were village officials in Kumpeh Ulu and Muaro Jambi sub-districts. Determination of the research sample using purposive sampling method, the number of samples is 145 data observations. The analysis technique used is the Structural Equation Model with the Partial Least Square (PLS) approach. The result of the research is that the competence of the village apparatus does not affect the accountability of village fund management. Organizational commitment and the implementation of SISKEUDES have a significant positive effect on the accountability of village fund management. The implementation of SISKEUDES can mediate the relationship between the competence of village officials and organizational commitment to the accountability of village fund management.

There has been limited study from a southern-African perspective investigating factors that affect the adoption of e-banking specific to small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in developing African economies. To date, little is known about SME uptake of e-banking in the southern African common monetary area (CMA), comprising South Africa, Lesotho, Namibia, and Eswatini. This knowledge gap is problematic for banks in providing SME support for the transition to e-banking, given the current move by banks toward embracing digital strategies. This study focused on a single bank with a large footprint in the CMA, intending to add to the body of academic knowledge regarding the adoption of e-banking services by SMEs. It employed a qualitative methodology involving one-on-one, semi-structured, open-ended interviews with purposefully selected Bank X staff in each country of the CMA, using the literature reviewed to identify themes relevant to the proposed conceptual model. The conclusions of this research have led to a framework for e-banking adoption. A framework such as this may positively impact the profitability and sustainability of an SME by ensuring the adoption of e-banking services and utilization of available financial products to improve business opportunities via the e-banking channels of Bank X.

The aim of this study is to find out what factors can increase employer branding and job pursuit intentions from one of the banks in Indonesia. The data in this study were distributed to 114 respondents and evaluated using the PLS-SEM analysis technique. This study found no effect between product brand and job pursuit intention, but this effect changed when using employer branding. Meanwhile, the corporate brand was found to affect job pursuit intention either through employer branding or not. This study proposes developing a model by incorporating TPB theory into the previous framework. The findings of this study reveal that individual control can determine job pursuit intention. We make several contributions, such as (1.) Re-examining the inconsistency of findings from previous studies; (2.) Development of the initial research framework by adding individual control factors (subjective norms and perceived behavioral control), which we adapted from the TPB theory; (3.) We map out how the three communication channel functions (HR Internal Communication, Corporate Communication, and Marketing Communication) can collaborate for the company to get employees with high skills to continue to innovate and become the best workplace. For this reason, this research will provide practical and academic contributions that can be used as a reference for Bank management and further research.

This research aims to examine the impact of transformational leadership on organizational commitment as mediated by job stress and job satisfaction in construction service companies, PT Wijaya Karya (Persero) Tbk. This study uses explanatory research with a quantitative approach. The samples used in this study are 344 respondents of PT Wijaya Karya (Persero) Tbk’s employees.  The purposive sampling method is the sampling technique in this study. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling partial least squares (SEM-PLS). The results of this study indicate that transformational leadership can increase organizational commitment, control job stress, and increase job satisfaction. The leader of companies needs to improve transformational leadership. It performs an essential role in increasing employee commitment. The results of this study also found that the mediation of job stress and job satisfaction was a partial mediation between transformational leadership and organizational commitment.

This study aims to identify the relationship between gender diversity and tax avoidance practices in some Southeast Asian countries mediated by corporate sustainability. Data were obtained from five Southeast Asian countries that have published annual reports from 2015 to 2021 through panel regression analysis. The result of this study showed the presence of a high number of boards of directors could suppress tax avoidance practices. Besides, it indicates that gender diversity affects tax avoidance, and after being mediated by corporate sustainability, it also shows an effect on tax avoidance. As a mediating variable, corporate sustainability mediates the relationship between gender diversity and tax avoidance. This literature provides new insights into the low percentage of female directors in company management and the absence of a law regulating the proportion of directors in company management. This study provides knowledge to the government and company management to improve accounting and tax regulations within and outside the company. Besides, this study also shows the relationship between gender diversity and corporate sustainability on tax avoidance practices and that the presence of female directors in the company can minimize tax avoidance and increase corporate sustainability.  

The market has experienced instability and uncertainty in recent decades, as a result of which entrepreneurship has gained greater visibility in the scientific community, as well as in politics and business. As a result of these findings, entrepreneurship education is at the top of the political agenda and has been a high-priority item worldwide for the past 15 years. Previous studies stated that entrepreneurs are fostered during their lifetime, and education is critical to building entrepreneurship in students' minds. Therefore, research is needed on the effect of vocational education on students' entrepreneurial intentions. The study results show that Vocational Perception (VP) showed a positive and significant influence in improving Entrepreneurial Intention (EI), especially in the Logistics Business Vocational Study Program at Padjadjaran University.