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Universal Health Coverage (UHC) aims to ensure access to quality healthcare services without financial hardship. This study compares the UHC models in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand to identify their strengths, challenges, and opportunities for improvement. Using a comparative literature analysis, the research highlights significant differences in funding mechanisms, population coverage, service efficiency, and policy implementation. Malaysia successfully leverages its high per capita income to provide universal healthcare through tax-funded services, while Thailand demonstrates efficient resource management with the "30 Baht" scheme, ensuring universal access despite its moderate-income level. Although Indonesia faces challenges due to its large population and low per capita income, it has made significant progress, covering 86% of its population since the launch of the National Health Insurance (JKN) program in 2014. Based on the findings, policy recommendations include enhancing financing mechanisms, improving service efficiency, and ensuring broader access to healthcare services in all regions. For Malaysia and Thailand, further exploring sustainable financing models and addressing disparities in healthcare quality can help ensure long-term UHC sustainability. For Indonesia, increasing compliance with premium payments, improving healthcare infrastructure, and addressing funding deficits are key to achieving more inclusive healthcare access. These recommendations offer valuable insights for improving UHC implementation strategies in diverse economic and demographic contexts.

The system implemented by the Health Social Security Administering Agency (BPJS) Samarinda is to carry out the Socialization program of the National Health Insurance for Healthy Indonesia Card (JKN-KIS) program to the Business Entity Wage Recipient Workers segment, the program to increase membership by conducting Telemarketing, Mapping, Canvasing, O.S.X. & O.S.S., and synergizing with the relevant District Attorney providing administrative sanctions based on Presidential Regulation number 86 the year 2013. This study aims to identify obstacles and strategies implemented by Health Insurance-BPJS Samarinda to increase membership in the Business Entity Wage Recipient Workers segment. The method used in this study is a qualitative approach by analyzing the data descriptively. Data collection techniques were by conducting observations, interviews, and questionnaires to business entities in the city of Samarinda; as many as 60 respondents were to find out that the business entity had registered its workers in the J.K.N.'s program. This study found obstacles such as a lack of awareness of health insurance, workers registered in the non-wage and unemployees, high turnover of workers, and administrative sanctions that have not been implemented according to the applicable law.

Is giving the subsidy in the implementation of national health care security in line with the purpose of arrangement of Law of Republic of Indonesia Number 40 of 2004 on System of National Social Security? Health care security is a basic right of all citizens of Indonesia as regulated in Article 28 H paragraph (3) and Article 34 Article (3) of the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. This writing makes an analysis of the arrangement of subsidy of implementation of national health care security. Argumentation in this writing gives an analysis in doing reformulation of an arrangement of giving subsidy in implementation of national health care security as regulated in Article 14 paragraph (2) of Law of Republic of Indonesia Number 40 of 2004 on System of National social security, the program of national health care security is a program in the form of security done by the government, but in the implementation, it is done by using social insurance method. Premiums of poor people and deprived citizens are guaranteed by the state, formal premium is paid by the worker and employer while the informal worker pays the premium independently, by this system it makes injustice in the society. All costs of National health care security should be covered by the state as the aim of implementation of the Law of System of National Health Care Security and the government should use the method of system of security and not social insurance system.