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Almost half of South Africa's population still lives in poverty, despite the abolishment of the oppressive apartheid regime since April 1994. The majority of the populace is impoverished and unable to enjoy sustainable life and progress. Therefore, this paper is here by analysing poverty in post-apartheid South Africa by looking at what still causing poverty after so many years of freedom and how poverty effects the communities and what solutions can be adopted overcome the situation. A qualitative research methodology was used to collect data. Particularly, a systematic literature review was used. The researchers have reviewed published articles and reports about poverty. Based on the findings it is evident that poverty in South Africa is caused by challenges such as pandemics, poor health and education systems, climate change, economic inequality etc. Therefore, the paper recommends various actions to be taken such as striving to enhance economic output.

This paper investigates the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility, talent development, and performance in youth-led entrepreneurial firms operating in South Africa, where youth unemployment levels are high. It acknowledges that Corporate Social Responsibility plays a part in talent development and influencing the performance of an organization which is not well developed in young entrepreneurship. Through bibliometric analysis, the paper depicts the landscape of current knowledge and research trends to key themes, main authors and collaborative networks. Findings show that there is an emerging wake-up call to Corporate Social Responsibility as a strategic drive for the development of human capital and enhancing performance in youth-led companies, with notable gaps both conceptually and empirically on the institutional context of South African youth-owned businesses. This paper recommends that there should be more investment in culture-specific, evidence-based research and greater incorporation of Corporate Social Responsibility into programmes for youth talent development. By linking Corporate Social Responsibility to targeted talent development, long-term performance outcomes can be enhanced, and inclusive entrepreneurial growth for youth may be reinforced as a broad-based strategy for job creation, innovation, and sustainable economic development.

This study examined the role of local government in eradicating poverty and inequality in Salamanga community located in Matutuine District in Mozambique. Despite the implementation of several development strategies, including the Donor-Liberal Free-Market Rural Development Strategy, Donor-Funded Development Strategy, Strategic Plan for Agricultural Development, Green Revolution Strategy, Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper, and the National Action Plan for the Advancement of Women poverty and inequality remain persistently high in rural areas. This study adopted a mixed-method approach, integrating both qualitative and quantitative methods. Data was collected through open-ended and structured questionnaires which were administered to 60 participants. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics while qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis. Methodological integration was achieved through triangulation. The finding revealed persistence structural constrains, including access to land, water, education healthcare, employment opportunities as well as inadequate infrastucure and institutional barriers that restrict participation in government programmes.There was a significant difference of opinion between the community and local officials, with public servants asserting strong government initiatives to empower residents, while community members reported a lack of empowerment from their local government.  Interpreted through the lens of Restricted Opportunity Theory and Marxian theory of poverty, the findings demonstrated that poverty and inequality in Salamanga is sustained by systemic exclusion and lack of economic opportunities rather than individual failure. The study recommends that local government should strengthen it capacity, decentralized and well – resourced agricultural programmes that support famers, improved service delivery, and inclusive community participation to advance equitable rural development in Mozambique.

This article seeks to empirically examine the dynamic relationship between government expenditure and private sector investment in South Africa. The research employed a Vector Autoregression (VAR) methodology to experimentally investigate the crowding impacts of government spending on private sector investment, utilising time series data from 1960 to 2021. The study evaluates single equation methods, including Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares, Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares, and Canonical Cointegrating Regression, to analyse the long-term cointegrating relationship between government expenditure and private sector investment. The results offer robust empirical evidence of a beneficial relationship between government expenditure and private sector investment, suggesting that an increase in government spending stimulates private sector investment in South Africa's economy. The impulse response function (IRF) indicated that private sector investment reacts favourably to unexpected fluctuations in government expenditure and GDP growth. The study's findings indicate that governments should allocate substantial funds to productive sectors to stimulate economic activities, encourage private sector investment through robust public-sector collaboration, and ultimately promote job creation and economic growth.

This paper explores the effectiveness of strategic initiatives used by local government in Mozambique to eradicate poverty and inequality, using Salamanga community as a case study. Employing a qualitative approach with interviews and questionnaires, findings revealed limited effectiveness due to weak implementation, lack of community involvement, and inadequate resources. The study adopted a qualitative approach to collect and analyse data. The study’s findings led to the conclusion that strategic initiatives employed by the Mozambican government to reduce poverty and inequality are ineffective. While the goal was to fight poverty and inequality, Mozambique still struggles with these issues, marked by widespread poverty. people enduring poor living conditions, inadequate education, and a high rate of unemployment. Local authorities, however, noted positive impacts from these strategic initiatives, which differed from what was found in local communities.

The study aims to examine the key drivers and financing mechanisms of infrastructure development in Africa and their impact on trade facilitation and regional economic integration. It focuses on understanding the political, economic, and institutional factors shaping sustainable infrastructure growth and trade expansion across the continent. The African continent engages in relatively limited intra-continental trade, with intra-African trade consistently averaging between 12% and 15%. At a broader level, trade growth is widely regarded as a key driver of economic development, employment generation, and poverty reduction. However, the persistent low levels of trade among African countries coupled with high unemployment and widespread poverty have sparked discussions around the urgent need to strengthen both intra-regional and continental trade. In pursuit of regional integration, various regional economic communities were established, including the Southern African Development Community (SADC). Despite these efforts, concerns persist regarding weak economic infrastructure across several regions of the continent, including within the SADC bloc. Inadequate infrastructure has been identified as a major impediment to enhancing intra-African trade. Against this backdrop, the present study aims to empirically examine the relationship between economic infrastructure and intra-regional trade within the SADC region. The analysis employs panel data covering all 15 SADC member states, utilizing datasets from the SADC Secretariat and the World Bank. Applying the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimation technique, the findings indicate a positive and statistically significant relationship between infrastructure development and intra-SADC exports.

The purpose of this paper is to examine how incorporating Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4 Quality Education into South African university curricula promotes global citizenship and aids in organisational reform. This paper aims to address the disparity between educational methods and the global citizenship skills that are essential for a globalised world. It further aims to evaluate how teaching frameworks that are in line with SDG 4 can improve educational quality and foster a global civic culture in higher education. A bibliometric analysis was carried out to examine the body of research on the connection between SDG 4, curriculum integration, global citizenship, and organisational development using major academic databases. The findings show that incorporating SDG 4 concepts enhances instructional content and gives students a sense of accountability for global issues. Integration of this kind also promotes flexible corporate cultures that place a high value on social responsibility, creativity, and diversity. This paper recommends that educators receive specialised training on integrating the SDGs, that students participate in co-curated learning activities, and that evaluation techniques be updated to include global citizenship outcomes. Finally, by bringing curricula in line with SDG 4, South African institutions can greatly improve their educational offerings, which will promote student development, social progress, and major organisational change.

This paper investigated the impact of culture on consumer neuroscience reactions among African Blacks and Whites in South Africa, as well as the implications for human resource management (HRM) and organisational behaviour. Despite the country's vast cultural diversity, little research has been done to investigate how cultural differences affect neurological and emotional responses to marketing stimuli, limiting organisations' understanding of customer and staff behaviour. The paper employed bibliometric analysis to identify dominant trends, patterns, and gaps in the literature, demonstrating that culture has a significant impact on consumer decision-making, emotional engagement, and cognitive reactions. Importantly, these findings went beyond marketing, indicating key applications for OB and HRM, including culturally informed leadership, employee engagement methods, and talent development programs. This paper offers a fresh interdisciplinary viewpoint by clearly connecting culture, neuroscience, and organisational management. It showed that comprehending the emotional and neurological effects of culture could improve HRM procedures, promote inclusive workplace environments, and strengthen customer-focused tactics. To help businesses effectively utilise cultural diversity, this paper recommends incorporating cultural insights into leadership development, training initiatives, and organisational policy. This method will offer a framework for evidence-based, culturally sensitive practices by positioning culture not just as a contextual aspect but as a strategic driver that connects consumer neuroscience insights with human capital management and organisational efficiency.

Higher education institutions face both opportunities and risks when adopting Artificial Intelligence (AI), offering possibilities for educational progress while simultaneously deepening existing social inequalities. With the rapid adoption of AI in the legal profession, there is a growing need to reimagine legal pedagogy. Within the scholarship of teaching and learning, the pedagogical and ethical aspects of AI in education have received extensive global research, yet South African legal pedagogy has received limited study as far as its transformative potential is concerned, despite its ongoing social inequalities. The study examines AI-mediated learning environments through person–environment theory as well as Freire’s critical/postcolonial pedagogy in exploring their impact AI may have on students' legal reasoning abilities, research skills, and access to knowledge. The study employs qualitative document analysis of South African higher education policy documents alongside international AI-based legal education platforms. Preliminary analysis suggests that AI has the potential to enhance legal reasoning and research efficiency, yet also risks maintaining epistemic exclusion and the digital divide unless structural inequalities are addressed. The research adds to teaching and learning scholarship by proposing a justice-oriented framework that unites theoretical and practical approaches to integrate AI into South African legal education, thereby promoting socially just transformation. The research proposes inclusive curriculum design, critical digital literacy training, and context-sensitive pedagogical approaches. Situated within a Global South perspective, the study thus offers one of the first to combine theoretical insights and practical recommendations for using AI to challenge entrenched inequalities and promote socially just legal education transformation.