Explore publications.

The main purpose of this paper is to assess the impact of the deficit on GDP growth for the Eurozone area, using panel data for a period from 1995 to 2015, with a total of 257 observations. In order to conduct the study and come up with results, we have used a multiple linear regression model with the least-squares regression. Consequently, in order to test the data used in the model, we have applied diagnostic tests, such as the Durbin-Watson test to analyze the correlation of serial correlation, as well as the Breusch-Pagan test for heteroskedasticity. The test results prove that there is no heteroskedasticity and at the same time there are strong indications that the model has no relation between serial correlation. The results presented in our study show that the variables, deficit ratio to GDP, is statistically significant with a positive sign and as a result, we have the growth of the deficit ratio with GDP having a positive impact on the economic growth ratio. Keywords: Fiscal deficit, GDP Growth Rate, Correlation, Regression

Marketing can be considered as the connection between consumers and the management in attempt to create profit for the company. The main purpose of the research is to analyze the marketing strategies of industrial producers and processors in Kosovo and to find out which are the best marketing strategies that will lead these companies toward the growth of their market share and profit. During the research the paper finds that most of the producers we have analyzed have of proper marketing strategies used toward the company growth, including entering new markets and/or developing new products. Companies, part of this research, think more about productivity than sales and marketing and they still didn’t make the distinction between marketing and sales. We find that the behavior of most companies is geared towards productivity and not so much towards marketing and marketing strategies. Of course productivity is important, but marketing strategies can help in increasing the market share and growth, which could directly result to additional productivity needs. We also find out that there seems to be little courage in entering and exploring new markets; investing in offering new products to the market; or improving the design and quality of the products; and/or adding value to the existing products. Their growth strategies in terms of the above are still undeveloped. Therefore, there should be continuous insistence of manufacturing companies to advance marketing department, creating a special unit of market research that will help them to develop new markets and new products and make their company profitable by taking a larger market share and benefiting from diversification and proliferation. The data for research was collected through a questionnaire in 30 food producer and processor companies in Kosovo. Firstly, data has been gathered and processed through Microsoft Excel and the same data then were processed through SPSS 2.0 cross tabulation with the aim of comparing company strategies used and for testing of hypothesis.

In recent years the European countries have created a standard form for their Higher Education Systems, the Standards and Guidelines for Quality Assurance in the European Higher Education Area (ESG). In this paper, we have analyzed the levels of the Accreditation Process applied to the Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in Kosovo and Albania, and the compliance to the ESG guidelines. Furthermore, throughout the entire paper, we have made a comparison of the standards of the Accreditation Process for the HEIs in Kosovo and Albania. In order to capture these stages, we have surveyed both the accreditation agencies and the HEIs in Kosovo and Albania. From this analysis, we came to the conclusion that the accreditation process in Kosovo and Albania for the HEIs are in compliance to the ESG standards, and there is no a huge difference appearing, although Kosova is not part of Bologna Process. The paper gives hands-on information about the accreditation process of the HEIs in Kosovo and Albania that will be in the interest of all Higher Education System designers and developers of these two countries, but also for other transitions countries.

The banking sector in Kosovo continues to have a high level of sustainability and financial stability. Two substantial components for the stability of the banking system appear to be liquidity and liquidity risk. The purpose of this paper is to analyze liquidity management in Kosovo's commercial banks through liquidity risk indicators from 2008 to 2017. By comparing the methodology of the data presented, the study will assess the state of management of the liquidity risk of commercial banks. From 2008 until now, commercial banks in Kosovo have had liquidity reserves at a level higher than the level required by CBK, which means that exposure to liquidity risk was minimal.

The main purpose of this study is to investigate inflation rate and its impact on the growth rate or to GDP growth for Eurozone countries, using panel data for the period 1997-2017, on an annual basis with a total of 257 observations. For conducting the study, and achieving results, a multiple linear regression model with the least squares regression is used. Moreover, multiple linear regression analysis has been applied in order to investigate whether Inflation rate, as an independent variable, has any significant impact on economic growth. Consequently, in order to test the data used in the model we have applied diagnostic tests, such as Durbin-Watson test to analyze the correlation of serial correlation, as well as the Breusch-Pagan test for heteroskedasticity. The tests’ results give us strong indications that the model has no relation between of serial correlation and there is no heteroskedasticity either. The study conducted shows results generated from the model, and according to the econometric results indicate that Inflation rate has positive impact on the economic growth rate for euro area.

The main purpose of this research is to study the impact of corporate governance on the financial performance of the banking sector in Kosovo. To analyze this impact, the Pearson correlation coefficient, multiple regression analysis related to the board size and board independence and banking sector performance in Kosovo were applied. The key corporate governance variables that have been studied in this research are: (i) size of the board of directors, (ii) the independence of the board of directors (the ratio between non-executive directors and the total number of board members). The data for this research were collected from the annual reports and audited financial statements of commercial banks in Kosovo for the 12 year period (2006-2017) and from questionnaires addressed to board members of commercial banks in Kosovo as well as other publications from relevant local institutions such as the Central Bank of Kosovo (CBK), Statistical Office of Kosovo (SOK), Tax Administration of Kosovo (TAK), etc. The results of the multiple regression analysis regarding the influence of the board of directors on the financial performance of the banking sector indicate that: the size of the board of directors and the independence of the board of directors have a positive and significant impact on the financial performance of the banking sector in Kosovo, expressed through return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). Findings of this research are in line with the findings of other researchers in this field and confirm the assertion that the management of the above variables improves and has a positive impact on the financial performance of banks in Kosovo.

Banks between the financial services they provide play significant roles in the country's economy The importance of banks in Kosovo is one of the essential catalysts in economic growth. The banking industry based on efficiency and performance industryis the leading indicator of the country's financial stability The pace of economic growth and long-term stability in the country varies from the level of credit and for what economic activities the bank finances. Credit risk is the primary determinant of banking performance. The higher the risk that the higher the risk is the probability of bank loss and vice versa In this study banking activities will be discussed and events in general, as well as an analysis of the financial system especially at banks, with particular emphasis on the importance of credit risk management. 

This study analyses the impact of credit risk management on financial performance of commercial banks in Kosovo, and comparing the relationship between the determinants of credit risk management and financial performance by using CAMEL indicators. Panel data of 85 observations from 2008 to 2012 of ten commercial banks was analysed using multiple regression model. Findings through multiple regression analysis are presented in forms of tables and regression equations. The study also elaborates whether capital adequacy, asset quality, management efficiency, earnings and liquidity have strong or weak relationship with financial performance of commercial banks. The study concludes that CAMEL model can be used as a system of assessment and rating of credit risk management by commercial banks in Kosovo.

<p>The paper employs various measures of law enforcement to provide new evidence on the importance of legal institutions for different dimensions of financial development in transition economies. It offers a critical assessment of law enforcement measures employed in recent studies by showing that some proxies for law enforcement in the credit market may not be appropriate. Hence, care should be taken in how the quality of institutions is measured and the context which it represents. An original approach to measuring law enforcement in the credit market is developed by embodying the legal theory of dispute resolution and assessing this approach by collecting primary data for Kosovo. The findings suggest that Kosovo compares well with countries in the region and other transition economies in terms of the enforcement of creditor rights.</p>

The paper employs various measures of law enforcement to provide new evidence on the importance of legal institutions for different dimensions of financial development in transition economies. It offers a critical assessment of law enforcement measures employed in recent studies by showing that some proxies for law enforcement in the credit market may not be appropriate. Hence, care should be taken in how the quality of institutions is measured and the context which it represents. An original approach to measuring law enforcement in the credit market is developed by embodying the legal theory of dispute resolution and assessing this approach by collecting primary data for Kosovo. The findings suggest that Kosovo compares well with countries in the region andother transition economies in terms of the enforcement of creditor rights.

By employing non-parametric methods, namely Data Envelopment Analysis and Malmquist Index, this paper investigates efficiency of banks using a database of almost all banks in four countries in South-East Europe. The superior efficiency of foreignowned banks in intermediation is supported. It is argued that the improvement in efficiency of banks originated from the change in technology rather than scale and technical efficiency, and banks on average have not been able to catch-up with best-performers, thus widening the efficiency gap. The largest sources of inefficiency are found to be cost and scale inefficiencies and lending shortfalls. Because of its peculiarities, Kosovo banking sector is assessed relative to other economies. Findings suggest that despite some improvements, the banking system in Kosovo remained less efficient. A number of policy implications emanate from the findings, aiming at enhancing the intermediation efficiency of banks in the context of South-East European transition.