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<p><em>This study focused on the factors influencing the use of agency banking by the residents of Makueni Sub-County, Kenya. The researcher was guided by four objectives; firstly, to determine the influence of agent characteristics on the use of agency banking by the residents of Makueni Sub-County, secondly, to determine the influence of the banking products offered by bank agents on the use of agency banking by the residents of Makueni Sub-County, thirdly, t</em><em>o establish the influence of agents’ operating hours on the use of agency banking by the residents of Makueni Sub-County and fourthly, to determine the influence of the banks’ location on the use of agency banking by the residents of Makueni Sub-County. </em><em> The study used descriptive survey design and the target population was 276 bank customers in Makueni Sub-County. The respondents were selected using stratified and convenience sampling. Data was collected 255 respondents using questionnaires. Data analysis was done using both descriptive and inferential statistics with the help of statistical package for social scientists (SPSS). Qualitative data was analyzed thematically according to the study objectives. The findings of the study revealed that there was a strong positive correlation and a significant relationship between the agency characteristics and use of agency banking, agency banking products and use of agency banking, operating hours and use of agency banking and location of mainstream bank and the use of agency banking. The multiple regression analysis results showed that the banking products had a significant prediction of the use of agency banking by the residents of Makueni Sub-County. This study recommends that diversification of the products and services provided by the banking agencies in the study area as well as further research in the area to find out other factors influencing the use of agency banking.</em></p>

<div><p>The reform agenda in the financial as well as banking sector in the Indian economy was not only in the target of achieving profitable banking business but also to reduce the magnitude of banking funds locked in the bad debt account so that, among others, the real delivery of credit (the credit-deposit ratio) rises in overall fronts. The Narasimham Committee Report in respect of reducing magnitude of non- performing assets has been framed in line with the Basel Norm regarding the asset quality of the banks where capital adequacy ratio has been fixed for different banks to achieve within different time periods. The present study, under such a back ground, has been structured to examine the profile of all Scheduled Commercial Banks in all ranges of CRAR over time in aggregate and bank group specific and to measure degree of correlation of NPA-Deposit ratio with CRAR trends and Credit-Deposit Ratio in all ranges of CRAR and their significance levels for the time period 1995-96 to 2009-2010. It has been observed that there has been variation across banks in following the guidelines of the reform committee. SBI group and foreign banks have been performing well in this respect. There has been rising trend of the proportions of banks in the above 10 per cent range of CRAR. The NPA/D ratio and C-D ratio have been observed to be positively and negatively correlated respectively for the first three ranges of CRAR and reverse in the above 10 per cent range. The correlation between the NPA/D ratio and C-D ratio is negative and significant.</p></div>

<p>The problem of NPA is not limited to only Indian public sector banks, but it prevails in the entire banking industry.  Major portion of bad debts in Indian Banks arose out of lending to the priority sector at the dictates of politicians and bureaucrats.  If only banks had monitored their loans effectively, the bad debt problem could have been contained if not eliminated. The present study has been designed to illustrate the necessity and the nature of the non-performing assets in Indian Bank, Tamil Nadu. Finding out Non Performing Assets –NPA- under the Priority sector lending in Indian Bank and Compare with Public Sector Banks and making appropriate suggestions to avoid future NPAs and to manage existing NPAs in Indian Bank are the other major objectives of this study. The scope of this study covers on the basis: (i)  measuring for the banks to avoid future NPAs & to reduce existing NPAs, (ii) guiding for the government in creating & implementing new strategies to control NPAs, (iii) selecting appropriate techniques suited to manage the NPAs and develop a time bound action plan to arrest the growth of NPAs.</p>

A well-functioning financial institution will sustain a countries economic development and play a great role in reduction of poverty. One of the major participants in the financial institution is the banking industry.  However, the mal-functioning of the banking system can be extremely costly to the real economy. As Bank is one of the participants and major key player in the financial institutions, it needs a continuous assessment by its supervisory and management. Mere ratio analyses are commonly used Performance measurement among the banking industry in Ethiopia. Nonetheless, these financial ratios are more of traditional as well as partial measurements. As such this study conducted using CAMEL framework set by bank for international settlement. The study takes secondary data which are gathered from audited annual reports of all banks. The result shows CAMEL framework is the best fit measurement for Ethiopian Banks and it give a comprehensive result which is very helpful for the governor to set a well determined policy and procedure.

The study attempts to ascertain the determinants of nonperforming loans in National Bank of Commerce. Data was collected from 152 respondents. Tables, percentages, mean and standard deviation were used to analyze data. Data collection methods adopted for the study were interview, questionnaire and documentary evidence. Interest rate, GDP, concentration of lending activities, bank’s loan supervision capacity and economic condition were investigated, and the results suggest that interest rate, GDP, bank’s loan supervision capacity and economic condition influence the level of NPLs. However, the results did not suggest that concentration of lending activities increase the level of NPLs.   The study suggests that banks should put in place a vibrant credit process that ensures proper customer selection and risk identification, robust credit analysis, proactive monitoring and clear recovery strategies for bad loans, formulate clear policy framework that addresses issues of ethical standards and check and balance credit process, organizational capacity enhancement of banks, deliberate effort to develop credit culture for managing loans ,and ensure prudent policies that govern bank loans. Since the results for this study were encouraging, the researcher encourages replicating the study for other lending institutions. In order to extend the literature on non-performing loans, the researcher suggested incorporating models of Golem effect, Social loafing, Inverted pyramid effect, Pollyanna effect and High default culture effect.  Also, basing on the merits of the study, the researcher suggests determining relationship between non-performing loans and loan size, collateral, credit culture, and credit management information system.

The reform agenda in the financial as well as banking sector in the Indian economy was not only in the target of achieving profitable banking business but also to reduce the magnitude of banking funds locked in the bad debt account so that, among others, the real delivery of credit (the credit-deposit ratio) rises in overall fronts. The Narasimham Committee Report in respect of reducing magnitude of non- performing assets has been framed in line with the Basel Norm regarding the asset quality of the banks where capital adequacy ratio has been fixed for different banks to achieve within different time periods. The present study, under such a back ground, has been structured to examine the profile of all Scheduled Commercial Banks in all ranges of CRAR over time in aggregate and bank group specific and to measure degree of correlation of NPA-Deposit ratio with CRAR trends and Credit-Deposit Ratio in all ranges of CRAR and their significance levels for the time period 1995-96 to 2009-2010. It has been observed that there has been variation across banks in following the guidelines of the reform committee. SBI group and foreign banks have been performing well in this respect. There has been rising trend of the proportions of banks in the above 10 per cent range of CRAR. The NPA/D ratio and C-D ratio have been observed to be positively and negatively correlated respectively for the first three ranges of CRAR and reverse in the above 10 per cent range. The correlation between the NPA/D ratio and C-D ratio is negative and significant.

The banks in India have over 67,000 branches located across the country. All these are classified into two major categories, nonscheduled banks and scheduled banks. Scheduled banks includes commercial banks and the co-operative banks. The public sector banks are accountable for more than 78 percent of total banking industry in India. Even though private sector banks came later into the market, due to their customer servicing and easy banking features they are also competing equally with already existing public sector banks. so it is very essential to analyze how their financial performance is influenced by number of factors which willfurther suggest them where they need to concentrate more. in this article we have analyzed the correlation between return on total assets and other financial variables of selected private and public banks in India.

The problem of NPA is not limited to only Indian public sector banks, but it prevails in the entire banking industry.  Major portion of bad debts in Indian Banks arose out of lending to the priority sector at the dictates of politicians and bureaucrats.  If only banks had monitored their loans effectively, the bad debt problem could have been contained if not eliminated. The present study has been designed to illustrate the necessity and the nature of the non-performing assets in Indian Bank, Tamil Nadu. Finding out Non Performing Assets –NPA- under the Priority sector lending in Indian Bank and Compare with Public Sector Banks and making appropriate suggestions to avoid future NPAs and to manage existing NPAs in Indian Bank are the other major objectives of this study. The scope of this study covers on the basis: (i)  measuring for the banks to avoid future NPAs & to reduce existing NPAs, (ii) guiding for the government in creating & implementing new strategies to control NPAs, (iii) selecting appropriate techniques suited to manage the NPAs and develop a time bound action plan to arrest the growth of NPAs.