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This paper aims to demonstrate the effects of company size, public accounting firm size, independence of the board of commissioners, size of the board of commissioners, and company risk on audit fees. The population used in this study are companies in the consumer goods industry sub-sector listed on the IDX in 2019-2022. Sample withdrawal using a purposive sampling technique with certain criteria then the data was analyzed by multiple linear regression. It is clear from the result of the analysis that the independence of the board of commissioners and the size of the board of commissioners have a positive effect on audit fees. While other variables such as company size, public accounting firm size, and company risk do not affect audit fees.

Stakeholders receive a comprehensive message that includes financial information, non-financial information, and a forecast for the future. Chairman’s disclosure is susceptible to manipulation by directors resulting to less transparency and thereby misleading the stakeholders. An evaluation of the chairman's messages in relation to financial performance is conducted in this study. The study examined the top 40 listed companies on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange for the year 2021, using the Gunning Fog Index as a measure of readability of the chairman's statement and Return on Equity (ROE) as a measure of financial performance. In order to determine the relationship between the chairman's statement readability and the company's financial performance, multiple linear regression was applied. This study found that as company performance increases, readability becomes more difficult. In contributing to existing literature, the study examines how the chairman's statement is correlated with financial performance from a South African viewpoint.

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of abnormal accruals on abnormal tone in the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) statements of South Africa’s (SA) top 40 Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) listed businesses in the 2021 financial year.  This study employs the quantile regression analysis and the generalised linear regression model.  For this evaluation, the Top 40 JSE-listed firms' integrated annual reports (IARs), which include the annual financial statements and CEO statements, were extracted from the companies' official web pages.  Findings revealed that abnormal accruals have a negative relationship with the abnormal tone used in the CEO statements of the top 40 JSE-listed companies. i.e., anomalous accruals and irregular tone move in different directions, as abnormal accruals increase, the abnormal tone in CEO statements decreases.  This suggests that abnormal accruals and abnormal tone do not co-occur and that companies with abnormal accruals do not conceal them using abnormal tone in their CEO statements.  We recommend that the amount of flexibility and judgment given to preparers of annual financial statements be reduced to lessen the use of earnings management practices.  The research adds to the sparse literature on tone management and earnings management in developing nations, particularly SA.

This research aims to analyze the influence of financial and non-financial factors on going-concern audit opinion. The variables analyzed in this study were profitability, liquidity, leverage, KAP reputation, previous year’s audit, and audit lag. The sample of this study consisted of 16 manufacturing companies in the consumer goods sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period of 2019-2022. The research findings indicate that the previous year’s audit opinion had a positive and significant influence on going-concern audit opinion. Profitability, liquidity, leverage, KAP reputation, and audit lag did not have any influence on going-concern audit opinion.

The IAF assists organizations in achieving accountability and integrity, enhancing the implementation of organizational programs, fostering public confidence, and mitigating the risk of mismanagement of public funds. Even though the significance of internal audit functions has been acknowledged and recognized in South Africa, the South African public sector is plagued by numerous issues resulting from the IAF's poor performance. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors that influence the efficacy of the internal audit function (IAF) within the Department of Defense (DoD). The investigation employed a qualitative methodology. Twenty-five professionals were interviewed in-depth, and the data were subjected to thematic analysis. Five factors have been identified as affecting the performance of the IAF within the DoD: limited resources, outmoded data collection techniques, a lack of automated data analytics software, the inaccessibility of audit records, and a lack of support from senior management. This article suggests that upper management invests in hiring competent and qualified personnel to automate its data collection and in purchasing data analysis software such as iAuditor, SAP, and TeamMate. It is recommended that audit records be well managed and securely stored and that internal auditors have complete access to information for conducting audits in all DoD sectors. The budget of the IAF within the DoD must be increased.

Several business failures culminated in the necessity to improve overall risk management for different corporates. Educational organisations also began to realise the exigency for efficient risk management in the sector and embarked on tracking Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) related advances in the corporate world and seeking ways to apply these for higher education. This study sought to assess the involvement of internal auditors in ERM in Zimbabwean public universities. This study is quantitative and employed a survey to collect data from heads of internal audit sections in public universities. The main findings of the study indicated that 64.78 percent of the internal auditors were performing their core and permissible roles as promulgated by the Institute of Internal Audit in risk management while 35.22 percent were performing some prohibited roles. The study recommends engaging qualified internal auditors who are aware of their specific roles in risk management or providing some training for the officers in the internal audit sections. The study further recommends that these universities should institute risk management sections headed by qualified Chief Risk officers to complement internal auditors’ efforts and improve the effectiveness and efficiency of ERM in Zimbabwean public universities. Chief Risk officers should become champions of risk management in these institutions to avoid tempering the internal auditors’ objectivity.

The study assessed the possibility of accounting fraud among Zambian listed companies with a focus on the mining sector and the relationship between related party transactions (RPTs) and financial statement manipulation (FSM). The financial statements (2012 to 2020) of listed companies were analysed to detect accounting fraud using the M-score and the Z-score. Descriptive statistics were used to explain the extent of FSM. The Chi-Square test of independence was employed to test the relationship between FSM and RPTs. Both the Z-Score and M-Score indicate that the mining companies were possibly involved in FSM. There is a relationship between the FSM and RPTs. The Total Accruals to Total Assets, Days in Sales in Receivables Index and Sales Growth Index show that revenue and profits were the most manipulated. The RPTs disclosures were the lowest for mining companies. Relevant authorities should not neglect FSM as a form of fraud despite the routine external audit of financial statements. There is the potential loss of tax revenue through accounting fraud.

We examine the value relevance of intangibles reported by technology firms in electronics industries and any regional difference between Southern and non-Southern firms in the relative importance of how value relevance is reported. For technology firms, the essential asset in their valuation is intellectual property, which idiosyncratic accounting practices could have either capitalized or expensed. We are interested in the intangible assets and goodwill on balance sheets and amortization expenses from income statements, which together capture the magnitude of a firm’s intellectual property. We present evidence that the market value of a firm is negatively associated with the size of its intangibles but positively associated with the size of goodwill and amortization expenses. We find that this relationship between the market value of a firm and measures of intangibles is statistically stronger for Southern firms than for non-Southern firms. We interpret this finding as a manifestation of stronger accounting conservatism among Southern firms due to regional cultural differences. We find that the value relevance of intangibles weakened significantly during the 2008 financial crisis, and we interpret the intertemporal difference as a spillover effect of the stringent application of the fair value accounting standard (SFAS 157) to financial assets.

The study's objective was to analyse the relationship between corporate governance attributes and financial reporting quality from a developing country perspective. Data was collected through quantitative content analysis of annual reports and audited financial statements (2012 to 2018) of Zambian-listed companies. This was a longitudinal study that involved panel data analysis. Therefore, a Hausman test was conducted to select the model to use. Panel regression analysis was used as a data analysis technique. Results show a statistically significant positive relationship between board size and financial reporting quality. A positive but statistically insignificant relationship existed between board accounting expertise, board gender diversity, audit committee independence and financial reporting quality. A negative but insignificant relationship existed between board independence and financial reporting quality. The corporate governance system alone cannot guarantee quality financial information by reporting entities. This could be related to the lack of an effective corporate governance system. Therefore, authorities must consider strengthening the regulatory enforcement mechanisms to ensure that companies achieve high financial reporting quality.