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This study aims to examine and investigate the controversy surrounding the extinguishment and revocation of rights to abandoned land under Indonesia’s Government Regulation No. 48/2025, viewed from the perspective of Indonesian land law. The research employs a literature review methodology, encompassing relevant legislation and academic literature. The findings indicate that the provisions regarding the extinguishment and revocation of rights to abandoned land in Indonesia’s Government Regulation No. 48/2025 grant the state broad authority to extinguish and revoke such rights and transfer them to the Land Bank and the State Land Reserve. These actions are carried out without guarantees of due legal process or the provision of compensation to the former rights holders. This approach is considered highly controversial and inconsistent with prevailing legal norms in Indonesia. Hence, the study’s findings are expected to serve as a foundation for the government to adopt an integrated legal approach in addressing the issue of abandoned land in Indonesia, thereby ensuring consistency of authority and legal certainty. In this regard, the government needs to revise Indonesia’s Government Regulation No. 48/2025 specifically concerning the termination and revocation of rights to land categorized as abandoned while considering approaches adopted in other ASEAN countries. Ultimately, this research is expected to make a valuable contribution to the literature on land governance, property rights, and land regulatory policy in Indonesia.

The Central Sahel, which includes Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso, faces escalating violence driven by growing land pressure, environmental stress, and uneven institutional capacity. This study investigates how land use change influences conflict intensity by integrating geo referenced conflict data from ACLED, governance indicators from V Dem, and environmental and land use variables from PRIO GRID. Using a spatial difference in differences model applied to a 0.5 degree grid cell dataset, the analysis quantifies how cropland expansion, pasture contraction, and climate related shocks affect violent events under different levels of local governance quality. The results show that land use pressure significantly increases conflict intensity, but the magnitude of this effect depends strongly on institutional strength. Conflict levels rise by as much as 45 percent in weak governance areas following comparable land changes, while areas with stronger local institutions experience considerably lower escalation risks. Spatial spillover patterns further reveal that violence diffuses across local and national boundaries, especially along pastoral mobility routes and border zones. The study contributes new empirical evidence on the interaction between land dynamics and governance in shaping conflict and highlights the importance of strengthening local institutions, safeguarding mobility systems, and integrating land governance into regional peacebuilding strategies. The findings align with the objectives of Sustainable Development Goal 16 focused on peace, justice, and strong institutions.

The issue of land continues to be pivotal in Southern Africa, reflecting the lasting effects of historical land dispossession from the colonial and apartheid periods. This study analyses the effects of sustainable land reform on agricultural productivity and rural development in South Africa, emphasising the connections among land redistribution, economic empowerment, and environmental sustainability. The study utilises a systematic literature review alongside grey literature, incorporating government reports and publications from international organisations. Thematic analysis was employed to identify, analyse, and report patterns. The findings underscore the necessity of enhancing land tenure systems, increasing resource accessibility, and delivering sufficient support for agricultural development. Recommendations focus on improving small-scale agriculture via climate-smart practices and promoting financial inclusion. This paper advances the land reform discourse by presenting a policy framework that combines sustainable agricultural practices with land redistribution, thereby securing enduring economic and environmental advantages. The primary contribution is the provision of actionable recommendations that incorporate sustainability into land reform, thereby promoting inclusive rural development.