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This study investigates the impact of rising fuel prices on the transportation of agricultural crops in Iringa District, Tanzania from 2021 to 2023. It examines how fuel price fluctuations have influenced transportation costs, market accessibility, and overall agricultural productivity. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected from smallholder farmers, transporters, and market traders through surveys and interviews. The findings indicate that the continuous increase in fuel prices has significantly escalated transportation costs, limiting farmers’ access to distant markets and reducing their profit margins Additionally, higher transportation expenses have contributed to increased food prices, negatively affecting consumers and overall market efficiency. The study further highlights challenges such as supply chain disruptions, decreased competitiveness of local agricultural products, and financial constraints for transport service providers. To mitigate these impacts, policy recommendations include the introduction of targeted fuel subsidies, investment in alternative transportation solutions improvements in rural infrastructure, and strengthening agricultural market linkages. Implementing these measures could help stabilize transportation costs, enhance market access, and support the resilience of smallholder farmers in Iringa District, Tanzania.