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The study examines the bank-specific and macroeconomic determinants of banks profitability in Nigeria analyzing audited financial reports of selected sixteen (16) commercial banks over the period of 2010 to 2015 making up to 96 observations. The study identified that existing studies are sketchy in developing economies even though many studies have emerge in developed economies. The bank profitability is measured by return on assets and return on equity as function of bank-specific and macroeconomic determinants. Using the balanced panel data set, the empirical results of the study shows that capital adequacy and liquidity have a positive and significant effect on bank profitability. However, efficiency ratio have a negative and significant effect on bank profitability. With regards to macroeconomic variable, GDP growth also have a positive and significant impact on banks profitability. The empirical results of the study suggested that banks can improve their profitability through increasing capital and liquidity, decreasing operating cost with conscious effort to maintain transparency in their operations. In addition, a good economic environment for financial institutions foster increase in bank profitability. Hence, the study recommends that further studies can expand the scope while extending to other industries as well.

SME restaurants have reported declined earnings and faced challenges to remain open during the Movement Control Order (MCO) period imposed by the Malaysian government due to the Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak. SME decision-makers were observed to be making changes regarding their day-to-day operations and management strategies to mitigate MCO restrictions. This paper aims to review the significant adaptations made by SME restaurants in Malaysia throughout the MCO period. Three (3) prominent areas of adaptations made by decision-makers have been identified based upon ceaseless news reports and media contents. The adaptations made commonly depict actions to (i) Nurture Creativity, (ii) Sustain Reputation, and (iii) Maintain Profitability. The outcomes of this paper provide essential survival guides for SME restauranteurs to embrace the COVID-19 outbreak. These can be helpful to related policy and decision-makers to implement the crucial traits of SME restaurants to reduce the impact on SME restaurants for the foreseeable future.

This paper attempts to explore the issue of enhancing pedagogical skills among the college teachers of Bangladesh through CPD. This is a literature review paper that divided the topic into different themes and sub-themes in order to analyze the issue properly. After analyzing 60 studies including journal articles, conference proceedings, and research reports of different authors and organizations this study found several positive impacts of CPD on the teachers regarding uplifting their professional skills. It has also found some challenges of implementing CPD for college teachers identifying the scarcity of resources at the heart of all the challenges. Finally, the paper ends up with some recommendations to enhance the teachers’ professional skills through CPD in Bangladeshi colleges

An increase in MSMEs in large numbers is very instrumental in increasing economic growth in developing countries, including Indonesia. The research objective is based on identifying the effect of investment credit, interest rates, and labor on economic growth through the role of MSMEs. The design of this research is descriptive-verification to present a structured, factual and accurate picture and test hypotheses empirically through the MRA model. Empirical analysis proves that investment credit and interest rates through the role of MSMEs can influence positively and significantly on Indonesia's economic growth. In other results, it appears that the role of MSMEs is less able to mediate the effect of labor on Indonesia's economic growth. This fact is based on a negative and insignificant relationship. In a sentence or two, enter the implications and limitations of your research. In Indonesia, increasing bank lending to MSMEs in practice is undermined by lending policies by banks and by macroeconomic factors (economic growth, interest rates, investment credit, and labor).

The increase of scandals involving non-governmental organizations (NGOs) has provoked concerns from the public for their accountability. In the case of Yemen, the NGOs receive financial support from both local and international donors. These organisations, however, are not obliged to disclose how they manage the donation funds, although the donors usually outline specific requirements on how the funds should be utilised. At the same time, the success of projects undertaken by the NGOs funded by the donors can help to enhance the organisation’s reputation and legitimize its activities to secure more funds. This study investigated the level of accountability practices in the Yemeni local NGOs. A questionnaire survey was sent to 75 active local NGOs. The findings show that the level of accountability practices among local NGOs is moderate. Most of these organisations evaluated the impact of their projects at their completion. However, they tend to avoid an independent assessment of any third party. They also restricted the local communities’ involvement in determining where and how the money of the project should be spent. This suggests that the local NGOs are more likely to be “seen” as being accountable rather than being accountable. A further improvement perhaps through policymaking is thus necessary to ensure effective accountability practices in funds management of the NGOs.

Marriage is one of the most important social institutions, as it greatly influences the stability of families, population, and socio-economic well-being. The changing trends of marriages and divorces in South Africa confirm the importance of predictive analysis on the stability of marriages. Marriage duration prediction is a challenging task, as it is affected by a number of factors. Recent developments in machine learning techniques provide new opportunities to model this problem. This experiment used the following seven different classifications: Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, XGBoost, Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine, K Nearest Neighbours, and Decision Tree, which aimed to forecast the categories of marriage length (short, medium, and long). The models used the following metrics: accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, macro ROC-AUC, and the ROC curve. The results showed that ensemble-based approaches performed better than conventional classifiers. Gradient Boosting had the best performance in macro ROC AUC and was best at discriminating classes, especially for long and medium-length marriages. Random Forest had the best overall accuracy and was best at balancing classes. XGBoost had a similar performance to that of Random Forest in predicting. SVM had a high precision value but a lower recall value. Decision Trees and KNN had poor performance. Gradient Boosting was found to be the best-performing method for multi-class prediction of duration of marriage and achieved a balance between sensitivity and specificity. The results obtained from these studies prove that ensemble learning methods can be effectively utilized for modelling complex societal events.

This research analyses how a service firm develops an ecosystem and serves as the orchestrator. A unique coffee shop in a mountainous area was used as the subject because it has abundant resources to become an orchestrator and various distinctive traits. A single case study design was selected to enable researchers to analyse depth and rich data, covering all participants within the ecosystem. Using a holistic case study design enables investigators to explore complex interplays of ecosystem participants. This study demonstrates that a firm uses elements of dynamic capabilities to manage the evolving process of ecosystem dynamics, starting from the initial formation of the ecosystem to the maturity stage. Our analysis identifies what derivative capabilities can be created from each element of dynamic capabilities and how these derivative capabilities are employed for developing and managing partners involved in the ecosystem. This study establishes a contribution by examining a coffee shop, representing a small service firm, and its evolution into an ecosystem orchestrator role - an under-explored setting in prevailing orchestration literature concentrated on large platform corporations. Single case studies are often criticized because their generalizability is thin and their findings are narrow. However, this weakness has led to the advantage of presenting insights in detail and depth.

Office employees dedicate a significant portion of their time within the confines of a building, where the physical surroundings have a profound impact on their overall well-being and directly influence their effectiveness and productivity. Within the professional setting, it is commonly believed that employees who find satisfaction in their physical environment are more inclined to achieve superior work outcomes and performance. Consequently, this document presents an extensive analysis of various environmental factors that have a direct or indirect influence on the performance of employees. This research is a descriptive research design using a quantitative re-search method studying the relationships between office environment facilitations and employee performance. Survey questionnaires technique was used 829 samples were analyzed. Regression analysis, correlation analysis, mediation analysis and hypothesis testing were devised to deter-mine the significance level of the hypotheses. The study also examined the direct effects of office environment on employee communication, interactions, productivity, and performance. The findings revealed significant outcomes, indicating that the office environment has an influence on these employee-based factors. Both communication and interactions, as well as employee productivity, as an indirect effect, were found to significantly mediate the connection between the office environment and employee performance. The practical implications are that these findings can be utilized by organizations to effectively evaluate the costs and benefits associated with different office concepts. By acknowledging the potential issues identified in this study regarding various office concepts, organizations can strive to create a more favorable working environment.

This study systematically reviews literature to explore the Moderated Mediation Model of Customer Intention in Omnichannel Technology, particularly under the transformative influence of technologies like AI, AR, and big data analytics. Amidst evolving consumer expectations and the drastic shifts induced by the COVID-19 pandemic, the retail industry's shift from multichannel to omnichannel strategies has become crucial. This review analyzes 59 studies published between 2018 and April 2023 to discern the dynamics influencing customer intention within the omnichannel framework. Our research highlights the sparse but critical discourse on the mediating roles of perceived value and trust and the moderating effects of factors like age and product involvement. Although extensive, the literature reveals gaps, particularly in unified frameworks integrating these diverse insights. We propose a novel conceptual framework centered on these mediators and moderators to better understand and harness customer intentions toward omnichannel technology adoption. Key findings indicate that seamless integration across online and offline channels, responsive to the nuanced needs and behaviors of consumers, significantly enhances customer engagement and loyalty. This synthesis not only offers a consolidated view of the omnichannel retail landscape but also provides strategic pathways for retailers aiming to optimize customer interactions and satisfaction in a digitally dominated era. Our review contributes to the omnichannel retail literature by offering a structured overview of the factors driving customer intentions and suggesting directions for future research to bridge identified gaps, particularly through longitudinal studies and expanded demographic analyses.

This article analyzes the status quo and cooperation mechanism between ASEAN and China, mainly, the non-traditional security issues in the South China Sea space (SCS). The non-traditional security threats confronting the SCS are complex, diverse and enormous. Amongst those are transnational maritime crimes, marine disaster threat, marine ecological environmental threat, and resource scarcity. Recent trends have demonstrated that the established regimes between ASEAN and China, for non-traditional security cooperation in the SCS, are fragmented mainly due to the absence of integrated and long-term mechanisms. Three reasons hinder the acceleration of the cooperation process: interference from outside powers, insufficient mutual political trust between China and ASEAN members, claimants and divergence of interests in advancing the Code of Conduct (COC) in the SCS. This article aims to analyze the problems and the causes existing between China and ASEAN in dealing with non-traditional security cooperation. It also examines the effectiveness of the rules-based cooperation mechanisms and offers a few recommendations. It is argued that ASEAN and China should take advantage of the low sensitivity of non-traditional security issues and high-quality development of the One Belt and One Road Initiative, to construct an integrated framework based on rules jointly and order for multilateral non-traditional security cooperation in the SCS. Three possible and workable measures are recommended to facilitate non-traditional security cooperation between ASEAN and China in the SCS. Both sides, primarily ASEAN member claimants, pursue an excellent willingness to cooperate and could promote functional cooperation, promote successful maritime cooperation modes as long-term cooperation mechanisms in the SCS, focus on strengthening the capacity-building of marine governance, and comprehensively establish a multilateral cooperation mechanism in marine environmental protection and fishery resources management.