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The aim of the empirical study is to investigate credit risk determinants in banking sectors across three kinds of South Asian economies. An accumulated sample of 105 unbalanced panel data of financial firms over the period of 2000-2015, by applying General Method of Moment (GMM) estimation techniques one-step at the difference in order to identify factors influencing credit risk. This study is inspired by two broad categories of explanatory variables which are bank-specific and macroeconomic. Bank-specific factors influencing unsystematic risk, while macroeconomic factors promoting systematic risk. The study uses a proxy of non-performing loans for credit risk in banking sectors of Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh. The empirical results have been found aligned with theoretical arguments and literature as expected. In comparison, NPLs in Pakistan is greater than India and Bangladesh, while India has the lowest ratio of non-performing loans. The study documents that bank-specific factors (inefficiency, profitability, capital ratio and leverage) have a significant contribution towards credit risk. Further, the study also finds a significant impact of macroeconomic variables on non-performing loans. While, the result in the case of Bangladesh predicts contradictions that have no significant effect on non-performing loans at various levels. The overall results indicate that credit risk is not influenced by only external factors but also affect by internal factors like bad management and skimping etc.

Preceding researchers have tended to focus on the negative aspect of the perceived overqualification and its inadequacy in the organization. We offer an alternative perspective and postulate that perceived overqualification could influence employees’ behavior through an interactive mechanism. We propose that relational skill abilities, in the form of job autonomy of overqualified employees, determine their tendency to experience interpersonal influences, and, thus engage in helping behavior with devastating work deviance behavior. Data were collected from 20 multinational companies in China through a survey of 500 participants. Structural equation modeling was used for the analysis of data. The results indicate that perceived overqualification has a strong indirect impact via interpersonal influence on the helping behavior and workplace deviance behavior, and increase the helping behavior and decrease the workplace deviance behavior at the working environment. Further, outcomes concluded that job autonomy and prosocial motivation have a significant moderating role and increase the employers helping behavior and deteriorations their Workplace deviance behavior.

The impacts of the government funding on the NGOs in terms of advantages and disadvantages has received mixed response from the scholars. This study attempts to review the promises and perils of government funding on the NGOs and aims to gather the scattered knowledge from literature at one place. Literature review was carried out for the relevant studies. Using the inclusion/exclusion criteria established for this article, 31 studies were finally selected for review. Using thematic analysis approach, 5 main themes regarding government funding impacts on NGOs were extracted from the reviewed 31 studies. The themes are institutional theory and Isomorphism, accountability, loss of autonomy, mission drift and crowding out. Some scholars and studies linked these themes with underperformance while others linked them with stability of the NGOs. Definite results are hard to draw to determine the impacts of government funding on NGOs and in fact these impacts depend upon a number of factors such as, age, size, sector, demography, political, economic and social environments of an NGO

Supervisor enhances their subordinates’ level of creativity to provide the latest insights into intrinsic motivation. Therefore, demonstrating the other site in which pay for performance decisions are controlled by the HR department through individual interaction with increasing (PFP) pay for performance and employee creativity (CR). By utilizing the sample size of 250 questionnaires out of which 206 were completed from Lahore, the city of Pakistan. We establish that the consequence of (PFP) on creativity was invariantly mediating by intrinsic motivation in such a way that both mediator or moderator, PFP had stronger positive effects on creativity. Findings show that regression, mediation and moderation analysis the actual best fit was a PFP model and the Cronbach's alpha values show higher reliability and consistency of values & all variables are very highly correlated to each other. Future study is needed for testing the scale with different cultures and different organizations. Furthermore, intrinsic motivation, as enhanced by trust in management, moderating this mediating effect of PFP on creativity. In addition, the regression path analysis exposed that intrinsic motivation mediated the moderated effect among PFP, trust in management, and creativity. The findings of the current study shed light on the processes and conditions under which, PFP may promote creativity.

Purpose: Using panel data approach in Pakistani banking sector for 7 year time period from 2010 to 2016, the aim behind this study was to examine the bank specific, industry specific and macroeconomic determinants of bank profitability Research Design: Quantitative research design has been employed with OLS, random effect model and fixed effect model, moreover regression and correlation analysis has been used in this study Findings: Rise in NPLs ratio, Loan loss provision, inflation and exchange rate reduces the profitability of banks while increase in market power, bank size, capital adequacy enhance the profitability Practical Implication: The deleterious impact of different indicators on profitability of banks shows that distressed banking sector can cause hindrance in not only growth of financial sector but can also cause the poor growth of economy. Outcomes of the study emphasis on the need of clear-out of NPLs to keep financial sector sound as NPLs cause high loan loss provision which effect the capitalization of banks that ultimately effect the economic growth of financial as well as other sectors of economy. Banking supervisory agencies should pay attention towards banking monitory policies and banks macroeconomic policies Originality/value: This study examine the impact of all three types of indicator (Bank specific, industry specific and macroeconomic) on banks profitability by employing latest data from 2010 to 2016 in which major reforms were held in banking industry of Pakistan because there exist rare studies with all three types of variables with latest figures

Preceding researchers have tended to focus on the negative aspect of the perceived overqualification and its inadequacy in the organization. We offer an alternative perspective and postulate that perceived overqualification could influence employees’ behavior through an interactive mechanism. We propose that relational skill abilities, in the form of job autonomy of overqualified employees, determine their tendency to experience interpersonal influences, and, thus engage in helping behavior with devastating work deviance behavior. Data were collected from 20 multinational companies in China through a survey of 500 participants. Structural equation modeling was used for the analysis of data. The results indicate that perceived overqualification has a strong indirect impact via interpersonal influence on the helping behavior and workplace deviance behavior, and increase the helping behavior and decrease the workplace deviance behavior at the working environment. Further, outcomes concluded that job autonomy and prosocial motivation have a significant moderating role and increase the employers helping behavior and deteriorations their Workplace deviance behavior.

The impacts of the government funding on the NGOs in terms of advantages and disadvantages has received mixed response from the scholars. This study attempts to review the promises and perils of government funding on the NGOs and aims to gather the scattered knowledge from literature at one place. Literature review was carried out for the relevant studies. Using the inclusion/exclusion criteria established for this article, 31 studies were finally selected for review. Using thematic analysis approach, 5 main themes regarding government funding impacts on NGOs were extracted from the reviewed 31 studies. The themes are institutional theory and Isomorphism, accountability, loss of autonomy, mission drift and crowding out. Some scholars and studies linked these themes with underperformance while others linked them with stability of the NGOs. Definite results are hard to draw to determine the impacts of government funding on NGOs and in fact these impacts depend upon a number of factors such as, age, size, sector, demography, political, economic and social environments of an NGO

Purpose: Using panel data approach in Pakistani banking sector for 7 year time period from 2010 to 2016, the aim behind this study was to examine the bank specific, industry specific and macroeconomic determinants of bank profitability Research Design: Quantitative research design has been employed with OLS, random effect model and fixed effect model, moreover regression and correlation analysis has been used in this study Findings: Rise in NPLs ratio, Loan loss provision, inflation and exchange rate reduces the profitability of banks while increase in market power, bank size, capital adequacy enhance the profitability Practical Implication: The deleterious impact of different indicators on profitability of banks shows that distressed banking sector can cause hindrance in not only growth of financial sector but can also cause the poor growth of economy. Outcomes of the study emphasis on the need of clear-out of NPLs to keep financial sector sound as NPLs cause high loan loss provision which effect the capitalization of banks that ultimately effect the economic growth of financial as well as other sectors of economy. Banking supervisory agencies should pay attention towards banking monitory policies and banks macroeconomic policies Originality/value: This study examine the impact of all three types of indicator (Bank specific, industry specific and macroeconomic) on banks profitability by employing latest data from 2010 to 2016 in which major reforms were held in banking industry of Pakistan because there exist rare studies with all three types of variables with latest figures

The aim of the empirical study is to investigate credit risk determinants in banking sectors across three kinds of South Asian economies. An accumulated sample of 105 unbalanced panel data of financial firms over the period of 2000-2015, by applying General Method of Moment (GMM) estimation techniques one-step at the difference in order to identify factors influencing credit risk. This study is inspired by two broad categories of explanatory variables which are bank-specific and macroeconomic. Bank-specific factors influencing unsystematic risk, while macroeconomic factors promoting systematic risk. The study uses a proxy of non-performing loans for credit risk in banking sectors of Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh. The empirical results have been found aligned with theoretical arguments and literature as expected. In comparison, NPLs in Pakistan is greater than India and Bangladesh, while India has the lowest ratio of non-performing loans. The study documents that bank-specific factors (inefficiency, profitability, capital ratio and leverage) have a significant contribution towards credit risk. Further, the study also finds a significant impact of macroeconomic variables on non-performing loans. While, the result in the case of Bangladesh predicts contradictions that have no significant effect on non-performing loans at various levels. The overall results indicate that credit risk is not influenced by only external factors but also affect by internal factors like bad management and skimping etc.

Supervisor enhances their subordinates’ level of creativity to provide the latest insights into intrinsic motivation. Therefore, demonstrating the other site in which pay for performance decisions are controlled by the HR department through individual interaction with increasing (PFP) pay for performance and employee creativity (CR). By utilizing the sample size of 250 questionnaires out of which 206 were completed from Lahore, the city of Pakistan. We establish that the consequence of (PFP) on creativity was invariantly mediating by intrinsic motivation in such a way that both mediator or moderator, PFP had stronger positive effects on creativity. Findings show that regression, mediation and moderation analysis the actual best fit was a PFP model and the Cronbach's alpha values show higher reliability and consistency of values & all variables are very highly correlated to each other. Future study is needed for testing the scale with different cultures and different organizations. Furthermore, intrinsic motivation, as enhanced by trust in management, moderating this mediating effect of PFP on creativity. In addition, the regression path analysis exposed that intrinsic motivation mediated the moderated effect among PFP, trust in management, and creativity. The findings of the current study shed light on the processes and conditions under which, PFP may promote creativity.